The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during 527 to 565 BC and Romanus IV in 1068 to 1071 AD were two most important events in Byzantine. The former marked the stability and economic growth of the land and the former was known to start the end of the empire. Byzantine (Istanbul today), which was called as an extension of Roman Empire in eastern part, after it was captured and made it a province. Justinian known as ‘Justinian the Great’ according to Alexander A.Vasiliev â€Å"is the central figure of this entire period† (1954, 132) for invading Italy, pacifying Africa and controlling Persia from invading the land through his faithful and able generals named Belisarius and Mundo (Treadgold, 1997, 207). Romanus IV on the other hand had a strategy that did not work for him. Romanus IV gathered large army in troops enough to defeat the enemy, yet he lost the battle for he lost control of them due to disloyalty of his men.Justinian seldom joined the army, while Romanus was at the center of the battle. Justinian delivered direction and instruction to his trusted men, and Romanus IV if not misunderstood, was left alone by his warriors to seek refuge (Bradbury, 2004, 176). The challenges in the reign of Justinian were the uprising of the people and uncontrollable circumstances that weakened his control – the plagues and earthquakes that befell the land.Romanus IV’s challenges were much severe since he reigned at the time when Byzantine never had any recur but to drive away the Seljuk Turks to contain the territory at the midst of unfaithful generals and warriors. Justinian was just fortunate to have a wife and Belisarius who advised and obeyed his command. Romanus IV had a different case instead because he was caught unprepared despite a well-organized plan he made to win the battle.His greatest challenge was not the number of enemy but the sphere of his influence as a leader to execute commands. Romanus had no lawful men and he was unaware of that; besides, the empire was surrounded by men with greedy ambition. Bibliography Bradbury, J. 2004. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. USA: Routledge. Treadgold, W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. USA: Stanford University Press. Vasiliev, A. 1954. History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. USA: University of Wisconsin Press.

On Racist Speech

Adetayo Adedoyin Dickson Lam ENGL 1304 February 16, 2013 On racist Speech The voice of writers and authors are the key components to their inner thoughts. It is a way of actually portraying what a person is trying to say. However the case is that their words silenced and put in period of exile away from the eyes of the public. Author Charles Lawrence goes on to state that racist speech is wrong simply because of the drastic agony it puts on a victim’s perspective.In the article â€Å"On Racist Speech,† the author, Charles R Lawrence III, effectively establishes creditability, logics and emotional themes to supports his argument which infers that the use of harmful language should not be protected by the First Amendment Law in order to stop racism. Lawrence sheds light upon the very turbulent issue of the First Amendment right to the Freedom of speech in contrast to the inequality caused by its misuse through racially bias speech.The author states that the University off icials should endorse some sort policy that will protect the rights of those who are victimized by this â€Å"racial nuisance,† while at the same time not censoring our constitutional right of free speech, â€Å"I am troubled by the way the debates has been framed in response to the recent surge of racist incidents on college and university campuses and in response universities attempts to regulate harassing speech† (51). Continually, Lawrence defines the set of ideals that the First Amendment was based on, particularly; equality.He goes on to show the audience that this very balance is in danger if the speech in question is stated in a deliberately hurtful manner. Lawrence brings up factual evidence from the Brown vs. Board of education that supports his claim that prejudice can also be viewed as a form of racist speech. Lawrence argues just as Brown did, that segregation in schools causes disparity and unfair conditions to the victims of racist speech. Brown deemed t he idea of segregation as a symbolic message that affected the hearts and minds of young black students.Lawrence correspondingly deems free speech that allows â€Å"Hate Mongering Speech† as unfair and segregating â€Å"Brown held that segregated schools were inherently unequal because of the message of the message that segregation conveyed-that black children were an untouchable caste, unfit to go school with white children† (52). The author hence, proposes that the racist speech can hurt so much so that it can create an unfair educational environment for those who are victimized by it. The author used this notable example because he is trying to convey an important point to the lawyers, attorneys and the University regarding the on racist speech.Lawrence suggests that speech should be regulated in a way that does not limit it. First, the speech should not invade the general privacy of any student. This meant that speech would not be tolerated in personal spaces such as dorms, restrooms, or any living space â€Å"Minority students should not be required to remain in their rooms in order to avoid racial assaults† (52). Another regulation was the idea that speech that was intentionally hurtful or unruly would not be tolerated. However, any public demonstrations would have to give fair warning so that others may produce a counter-argumentation or avoid it entirely.The author takes a different approach to the problem. He suggests that on an individual basis lawyers could bend the rules to distort the will of their client so that the victim would be amended. This solution on an individual basis would help to cool the flames of racism without opening the floodgates. Lawrence also supports his claims by making visible repetition in the article. This shows how the author constantly makes the audience feel like they should be responsible and they should be able to do something about the racist speech issue in the society.The author Charles Lawrenc e is able to establish creditability in his article he relates his childhood experiences with human rights â€Å"I have spent the better part of my life as a dissenter† (51). This is to show that he has been an active member of the First Amendment right even as a child. Lawrence also appeals to the audience emotions by stating how hurt the victims are in the society â€Å"Above all I am troubled that we have not listened to the real victims ,that we have shown so little understanding of their injury and we have abandoned those whose race, gender, or sexual preference continues to make them second-class citizens†(52) .Persistently, the author defines the set ideals that the First Amendment was based on particularly equality it seems to him a very sad sarcasm that the first instinct of civil libertarians has been to challenge the exertions the university makes to provide minority students the protection the constitution guarantees them. Lawrence tries to make his argumen t justifiable by not defining a subjective issue in his argument he sticks to the main purpose of writing the article which is to talk about the â€Å"On racist speech† and he is able to give strategic examples like the First Amendment and the Brown versus Board of Education case.He thereby avoids subjective issues which makes him deviate from the actual facts regarding the on racist speech which is supposed to be conveyed to the audience. Lawrence creatively draws out many ideas that would help with the problem of racist speech by stating that we could regulate racist speech without violating the First Amendment law and he fears that if the government refuses to look into this there would be an upbringing of racial ferocity he also explains that racist speech should be diminished by the society as a unit because racism does not just affect the individual but the society at large .The author Charles Lawrence claims that it is unfair to place the burden of racism on anyone bec ause it forces them to live and work in an environment where at any moment they may be subjected to condescending verbal harassment and assault.

Age of Imperialism Japan China Essay examples - 1170 Words

The nineteenth century was a turbulent time of western imperialism and a major Asian power shift. European powers and the United States had a destabilizing effect on the region and the choices Japan and China made in response their imposing expansion was a major contributor to the trajectory of their respective futures. Social factors, such as the differences in national and religious unity, also played a role in the how the two nations emerged from the Age of Imperialism. European trade with China was historically restricted. In 1793, emperor Qianlong denied King George IIIs request for fewer trade restrictions by declaring, â€Å"Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance... There was therefore no need to import†¦show more content†¦Finally, deeply rooted tensions between Britain and China began to come to the surface as the Chinese attempted to crack down on opium use and trade within its borders. The appointment of Lin Tse-hsu as Imperial Commi ssioner at Canton was the catalyst that changed the trajectory of Chinese-British relations. Tse-hsu immediately began to shut down the opium trade at its source by exposing and punishing corrupt officials and seizing opium supplies without compensation. He wrote a letter to Queen Victoria requesting Britain forego further opium imports to China, citing Britains banning of its use and trade within its own borders (Hooker). The Queens refusal enraged Tse-hsu and he threatened to end trade with Britain altogether. Britain responded by using their superior military might to compel them to keep trade channels open and to remove the many trade restrictions currently in place, thus beginning the first opium war. It is important to note that the opium trade was merely the final straw amongst a heap of British-Chinese tensions. With a decisive victory in 1842, the Chinese were forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking, which significantly reduced their autonomy and awarded the British favo rable trading conditions. However, by 1856, the British felt China was not abiding by the terms of the treaty and launched another campaign, the second opium war, that ended in 1860, and reduced China to something moreShow MoreRelatedChina And Japan During The Age Of Imperialism2077 Words   |  9 Pages Pavin Kaler 211347747 April 16th, 2015 Professor Joe Kispal-Kovacs Modern Era Comparative Essay China and Japan in the Age of Imperialism 1 LENGTH: 2000-2500 words (7-8 pages) Explore secondary scholarly sources outside of your course textbooks. You must develop a thesis statement, undertake scholarly research, and integrate your findings into an argumentativeRead MoreWestern Imperialism and Modern East Asia Essay example1188 Words   |  5 PagesWestern imperialism in East Asia caused many tribulations for China, Japan, and Korea but also helped them to become contemporary nations. The East Asian countries were tremendously affected by unequal treaties, extraterritoriality, and above all, technology. Great Britain encroached upon China their greed for open trade with the Chinese empire resulting in the deterioration of the Chinese culture, which led to the emergence of a modernized civilization. Japan was co-subjugated by Russia and theRead MoreEffects Of Ww1 On South And East Asia1285 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure of Japan. Some the political changes include all of German possessions being transferred to Japan, the affect of the Indian Nationalist Movement on India, and the growth of communism in China. The growth of Japan was seen as an geographical and economic change because the alliance with Britain made Japan wealthier and gained them more land. In addition, The Great Depression was seen as an economic change because when it took place the value of Japanese exports decreased. In China there’s aRead MoreAmerican Imperialism Research Study Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: †¢ Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. †¢ Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. †¢ Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified American imperialist actions? †¢ Identify the current politicalRead MoreImperial Expansion : Conquer Or Be Conquered1212 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict. With wealth, technology, and Nationalism, the age of imperialism commenced and western expansion yielded tremendous prosperity. While some criticized imperialism for its negligible morality, no one could deny the positive outcome for the West. Numerous selections from Documents in World History show that leaders from India, Africa, and China considered imperialism destructive, recording significant despair and humiliation. However, Japan was the shining exception. It abandoned its policy ofRead MoreThe Far Reaching Effects of Imperialism1323 Words   |  5 PagesWith the dawn of the Industrial Age near the beginning of the nineteenth century also came with the rise of nationalism, or the belief that a country’s way of life was superior to others. Nationalistic ideologies, born in the coal ovens of Industry, soon gave way to systems of imperialism th at would quickly take hold in other parts of the world. For the purposes of this essay, can be broadly defined as a symbiotic relationship between an industrialized state and an agrarian state in which the industrializedRead MoreNew Imperialism Influence on China Essay586 Words   |  3 Pagesof western powers, China was very stable, agricultural, and ethnocentric. They had many factories that produced silk, cotton, and porcelain with their natural resources: salt, tin, silver, and iron mines. They had no interest of trade or interaction with foreigners. From the early eighteenth century, European and American Imperialism spread throughout China with a goal to extend their nation’s power. China was one of many territories that undertook the changes of New Imperialism. By 1912, the countryRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Asian Powers1173 Words   |  5 PagesHistory Final Essay Sulphur High School Timothy Gothrup 4/27/2015 â€Æ' Timothy Gothrup McNeese State University / Professor Mai Song HIST 122-RC: World Civilization from 1500 April 29, 2015 The Struggle of the Asian Powers During the â€Å"Age of Imperialism†, which lasted through the entire nineteenth century, most countries/ areas outside of North America and Europe struggled to adjust industry based economies. Asian countries were left with a dilemma: industrialize quickly or become subjectsRead MoreU.s Expansionism : Manifest Destiny1363 Words   |  6 Pagesits course to venture into the Pacific in order to augment trade and concoct an influx of commerce.Captain Alfred T. Mahan, a leading expansionist, forewarned that the Pacific could be entered and controlled only by a vigorous contest.† (The Age of Imperialism). Mahan firmly believed that a powerful navy was required for America’s survival. That being the case, Mahan was concerned with whether or not the American government would be able to guarantee access to the new international markets. SecuringRead MoreSocial Consequences During The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pagesplace in the 1700s and the 1800s. Befor e this time, manufacturing was done in a small level, usually done in people’s homes, using the truest and basic forms of machinery. But in the Industrialization age, there was a shift to powerful, multi-purpose machines, and big factories. This Industrial age brought forward thousands of jobs for the men, women, and children. The Industrial Revolution did bring a surplus and diversity of manufactured goods and improved the living in some of the middle class

Aau (Academy of Arts University) Art History I -...

10.1 Rembrandt has often been referred to as The Painter of Light for his innovative and influential approach to depicting light. Describe Rembrandts approach to depicting light in painting. How is it influenced by Caravaggios tenebrism and how does it differ or improve upon that technique? Rembrandt’s depiction and use of light represented the fluidity the human eye (or view) â€Å"sees†. The human eye views images through a sifted view. In other words it picks out certain (specific elements) to focus on; bringing those images to light and casting the others into a shadow. Thus, Rembrandt utilizes diffused light rather than sharp contrasts to convey an emotion or mood (perhaps observed by the viewer). In the case of this painting,†¦show more content†¦One can deduce the red dot in the middle of a blank white canvas is just as much art as any of Van Gogh’s masterpieces; after all art is in the eye of the beholder, right? The downsides may include economic and professional effects. The economic downside is two-fold. First, artists may have to work harder to sell a piece because the availability of art is widespread, thus creating stiff competition. Second, art in the traditional sense loses its value. No longer are a few art pieces available to the well-to-do but a montage of art is available to most anyone. Professionally, it may become a less coveted talented now that anyone can put their artwork on the market. Previously commissioned artists may have short-lived careers. And artists have to create a niche in order to standout amongst a sea of painters. Thus, it is reasonable to think that some artists (mostly those accustomed to be considered â€Å"the select and talented few† would prefer to work for an established patron. This type of work brings economic stability and professional prestige. 11.1 Whats going on in Fragonards painting The Swing? Describe the subject matter and mood. How does this image depart from the type of subject matter and stylistic characteristics we have seen in earlier artistic movements such as the Renaissance and Baroque? Fragonard’s painting The Swing was a blueprint of Parisian life for the female aristocrat as portrayed by prominent male

Muhammad Ali Knocked Out By Parkinson s Disease - 917 Words

Muhammad Ali Knocked Out by Parkinson s disease. † I will never fight again,† said Muhammad Ali after his last fight (Denenberg 70). Researching Ali makes us feel stronger, inspired and sad that Parkinson s took something from him that he loved and enjoyed. The only reason Ali wanted to fight was because someone had stole his new bike from the library when he was twelve. He told the police officer that he wanted to beat up the thief. The officer told Muhammad that he better learn how to fight, before he starts challenging people. (Denenberg 1) To begin Parkinson s disease is a degenerative neurological condition. Symptoms worsen over time and there is no known cause. It is not considered to be a fatal disease. Nearly one million people suffer from Parkinson’s. Approximately four percent are diagnosed before the age of Fifty. Every person that suffers from Parkinson’s may experience various symptoms. People with mild Parkinson’s may experience tremors as a primary symptom, while others might experience problems with balance. (Dittmer 14) Service dogs can be used to help keep balance (81). People may have trouble swallowing causing them to choke more while eating (Abramovitz 17). Family members or friends might notice changes in a person’s posture, walking ability or facial expression . (15-16) The symptoms of Parkinson’s are followed. These are some Moderate Parkinson’s symptoms can be noticed with movements on both sides of the body, or the body starts to move moreShow MoreRelatedBoxer, Philanthropist And Social Activist Muhammad Ali1216 Words   |  5 Pagesphilanthropist and social activist Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky. Ali showed at an early age that he wasn t afraid of any bout—inside or outside of the ring. Growing up in the segregated South, he experienced racial prejudice and discrimination firsthand, which likely contributed to his early passion for boxing. At the age of 12, Ali discovered his talent for boxing through an odd twist of fate. His bike was stolen, and Ali told a police officer

Aviva life insurance free essay sample

AVIVA life insurance entered in 2002 and deployed Talisma e-CRM suite. AVIVA got the success by recognizing the potential customers and bringing out products and services tailored to the customer requirements. Also e-CRM developed multistep marketing campaign and superior services across multiple channels. With this CRM project the company aims to achieve the organized data base system, superior service standards, quick access to customers, upgrading offers to customers, integrating the efforts of insurance agents and officials and ultimately to obtain customer satisfaction. The implementation of Talisma e-CRM has helped them to share real-time customer information across different customer-facing departments across locations. This has helped departments track customer details and respond to queries at short notice. Aviva has made its mark in the Indian insurance industry in just two years. It has no doubt been aided in this by the deployment of Talismas e-CRM suite that has helped it launch new products and services to differentiate itself from competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Aviva life insurance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page eCRM practice in GP to provide Customer service: Grameenphone leads the market with nearly 20 million subscribers. Mobile phone services are an important contributor to the cash-strapped nation’s economy. This company is trying to provide the quality customer service to its customers . GrameenPhone try to give the best customer services to retain the present customer and attract the potential customer To give the service as fast as possible eCRM is designed such a way that customer manager can provide the service in a fastest way. They use ORACLE Siebel customer relationship management. Each and every customer has their unique ID and password to logging in the software. Here they give a clear idea of how customers get service and how their problem is solved by using eCRM tools. After logging to the software the customer manager need to put the customer number and then he has to click on GO button than he can see all the basic information of the customer. Here name, address, connection name, whether this customer is prepaid or post paid everything will be present there. ECRM is the software which helps to keep all data of the customers. It is not record the customer data it helps to give the service appropriately. Ithelped GrameenPhone to give higher level of satisfaction in much way such as: It helps to retain customer by giving satisfactory service It also increase the customer loyalty cause customer are satisfied with the service Evaluation of Customer profitability by reducing the cost of the service. It also reduced cost It helps to acquire new customers It helps to grow profitable customer relationships It help to retain profitable customers It reduces customers’ call handling time GP can keep appropriate record of every call It also help to Grameen Phone to reduce customer dissatisfaction

Violent Crimes Reduction Essays - Criminal Law, Sentencing

Violent Crimes Reduction The actual "law" has five major moving parts. First there is the ballot initiative (i.e. Proposition 184), then there is the actual statute that was passed, and then there are three other code sections that identify the types of violations that count as "strikes" against you. Those other types of sections are labeled juvenile felonies, serious felonies, or violent felonies. In 1997 the Wisconsin State Assembly voted 86-8 to approve what many supporters call a "truth- in- sentencing" bill. The bill proposed that convicts should serve no less than 100 percent of their sentences as a get-tough-on-crime measure. The bill also would require prisoners to be under community supervision for at least 25 percent of their prison time after they are released. Wisconsin prisoners would stay behind bars for their entire sentence without any chance for parole. Both Three Strikes and Truth In Sentencing legislation have been advocated as punitive and deterrence strategies for reducing violent crime within our communities. Three Strikes laws impose long prison sentences for third felony convictions. These laws are designed to curb repetitive serious criminal behavior. Washington State enacted the first law of this type in 1993. Since then, more than two-dozen states and the federal government have enacted three strikes laws. The state of Minnesota doesn't have an official three strikes law, although it does have a law mandating a life sentence for certain sexual offenders who commit a third sexual offense. Minnesota requires a mandatory sentence of "at least the length of the presumptive sentence under the sentencing guidelines" for persons convicted of two or more prior felony convictions for violent crimes. Also, Minnesota's heinous crimes law requires the court to sentence an offender convicted of second-or-third-degree murder to the statutory maximum sentence if the offender was discharged from a prior "heinous crime" sentence within the past ten years . Robbery, theft, assault, and motor vehicle theft continues to decline. Is there a relationship between these types of crimes and those who are now incarcerated? It is generally recognized that a minority of criminals commit a majority of the crimes; therefore, one offender may be responsible for multiple incidents within a type of crime. In defending the three strikes legislation, California Governor Pete Wilson stated that two-thirds of violent crime perpetrated by less than 10% of convicted felons. He further related that during the first three years of the law, 2,900 violent criminals were imprisoned, while overall crime dropped 20%, with violent crime down 9.3% and property crimes down 14% . Most states have initiated tougher sentencing for habitual offenders and for crimes that have a link to additional criminal acts. Since 1990, the number of people in custody has risen more than 577,100 or 1,708 inmates per week. Today, more than 1.7 million people are confined in state, federal, and local correctional facilities. As the repeat offenders are taken off the streets, it is reasonable to expect that the repeatable crimes should significantly decline. In the 1980's, crime in Texas jumped 29% creating a ratio of eight crimes for every 100 citizens. During the 1990's, after the creation of additional prison space and a concerted effort to fill it with repeat offenders, the rate dropped to 5.6 crimes per 100, the lowest since 1973 . Some of the benefits and costs of the new law are that if fully implemented, the new law will reduce serious felonies committed by adults in California between 22 and 34 percent. This reduction in crime will be bought at a cost of an extra $4.5 billion to $6.5 billion per year in current dollars . The intent of the three-strikes law is, of course, to lock up repeat offenders longer, and that requires the construction and operation of more prisons. Some police and court costs may be saved in not having to deal so often with such offenders once they are locked up, but greater prison costs overwhelm such savings. Many questions arise when getting the new law all squared away such as alternatives. What would happen if the state got rid of"strikes" and instead guaranteed that those convicted of a serious crime serve their full sentence? In other words, what about adopting a law that sends those convicted of a serious felony to prison, eliminates "good time" for such felons so that they must serve their full term, and shifts some minor felons from prison to probation? It is necessary to compare the benefits and costs of the new law and these alternatives, relative to the old law. But for all the alternatives to