Aau (Academy of Arts University) Art History I -...

10.1 Rembrandt has often been referred to as The Painter of Light for his innovative and influential approach to depicting light. Describe Rembrandts approach to depicting light in painting. How is it influenced by Caravaggios tenebrism and how does it differ or improve upon that technique? Rembrandt’s depiction and use of light represented the fluidity the human eye (or view) â€Å"sees†. The human eye views images through a sifted view. In other words it picks out certain (specific elements) to focus on; bringing those images to light and casting the others into a shadow. Thus, Rembrandt utilizes diffused light rather than sharp contrasts to convey an emotion or mood (perhaps observed by the viewer). In the case of this painting,†¦show more content†¦One can deduce the red dot in the middle of a blank white canvas is just as much art as any of Van Gogh’s masterpieces; after all art is in the eye of the beholder, right? The downsides may include economic and professional effects. The economic downside is two-fold. First, artists may have to work harder to sell a piece because the availability of art is widespread, thus creating stiff competition. Second, art in the traditional sense loses its value. No longer are a few art pieces available to the well-to-do but a montage of art is available to most anyone. Professionally, it may become a less coveted talented now that anyone can put their artwork on the market. Previously commissioned artists may have short-lived careers. And artists have to create a niche in order to standout amongst a sea of painters. Thus, it is reasonable to think that some artists (mostly those accustomed to be considered â€Å"the select and talented few† would prefer to work for an established patron. This type of work brings economic stability and professional prestige. 11.1 Whats going on in Fragonards painting The Swing? Describe the subject matter and mood. How does this image depart from the type of subject matter and stylistic characteristics we have seen in earlier artistic movements such as the Renaissance and Baroque? Fragonard’s painting The Swing was a blueprint of Parisian life for the female aristocrat as portrayed by prominent male

Muhammad Ali Knocked Out By Parkinson s Disease - 917 Words

Muhammad Ali Knocked Out by Parkinson s disease. † I will never fight again,† said Muhammad Ali after his last fight (Denenberg 70). Researching Ali makes us feel stronger, inspired and sad that Parkinson s took something from him that he loved and enjoyed. The only reason Ali wanted to fight was because someone had stole his new bike from the library when he was twelve. He told the police officer that he wanted to beat up the thief. The officer told Muhammad that he better learn how to fight, before he starts challenging people. (Denenberg 1) To begin Parkinson s disease is a degenerative neurological condition. Symptoms worsen over time and there is no known cause. It is not considered to be a fatal disease. Nearly one million people suffer from Parkinson’s. Approximately four percent are diagnosed before the age of Fifty. Every person that suffers from Parkinson’s may experience various symptoms. People with mild Parkinson’s may experience tremors as a primary symptom, while others might experience problems with balance. (Dittmer 14) Service dogs can be used to help keep balance (81). People may have trouble swallowing causing them to choke more while eating (Abramovitz 17). Family members or friends might notice changes in a person’s posture, walking ability or facial expression . (15-16) The symptoms of Parkinson’s are followed. These are some Moderate Parkinson’s symptoms can be noticed with movements on both sides of the body, or the body starts to move moreShow MoreRelatedBoxer, Philanthropist And Social Activist Muhammad Ali1216 Words   |  5 Pagesphilanthropist and social activist Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky. Ali showed at an early age that he wasn t afraid of any bout—inside or outside of the ring. Growing up in the segregated South, he experienced racial prejudice and discrimination firsthand, which likely contributed to his early passion for boxing. At the age of 12, Ali discovered his talent for boxing through an odd twist of fate. His bike was stolen, and Ali told a police officer

Aviva life insurance free essay sample

AVIVA life insurance entered in 2002 and deployed Talisma e-CRM suite. AVIVA got the success by recognizing the potential customers and bringing out products and services tailored to the customer requirements. Also e-CRM developed multistep marketing campaign and superior services across multiple channels. With this CRM project the company aims to achieve the organized data base system, superior service standards, quick access to customers, upgrading offers to customers, integrating the efforts of insurance agents and officials and ultimately to obtain customer satisfaction. The implementation of Talisma e-CRM has helped them to share real-time customer information across different customer-facing departments across locations. This has helped departments track customer details and respond to queries at short notice. Aviva has made its mark in the Indian insurance industry in just two years. It has no doubt been aided in this by the deployment of Talismas e-CRM suite that has helped it launch new products and services to differentiate itself from competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Aviva life insurance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page eCRM practice in GP to provide Customer service: Grameenphone leads the market with nearly 20 million subscribers. Mobile phone services are an important contributor to the cash-strapped nation’s economy. This company is trying to provide the quality customer service to its customers . GrameenPhone try to give the best customer services to retain the present customer and attract the potential customer To give the service as fast as possible eCRM is designed such a way that customer manager can provide the service in a fastest way. They use ORACLE Siebel customer relationship management. Each and every customer has their unique ID and password to logging in the software. Here they give a clear idea of how customers get service and how their problem is solved by using eCRM tools. After logging to the software the customer manager need to put the customer number and then he has to click on GO button than he can see all the basic information of the customer. Here name, address, connection name, whether this customer is prepaid or post paid everything will be present there. ECRM is the software which helps to keep all data of the customers. It is not record the customer data it helps to give the service appropriately. Ithelped GrameenPhone to give higher level of satisfaction in much way such as: It helps to retain customer by giving satisfactory service It also increase the customer loyalty cause customer are satisfied with the service Evaluation of Customer profitability by reducing the cost of the service. It also reduced cost It helps to acquire new customers It helps to grow profitable customer relationships It help to retain profitable customers It reduces customers’ call handling time GP can keep appropriate record of every call It also help to Grameen Phone to reduce customer dissatisfaction

Violent Crimes Reduction Essays - Criminal Law, Sentencing

Violent Crimes Reduction The actual "law" has five major moving parts. First there is the ballot initiative (i.e. Proposition 184), then there is the actual statute that was passed, and then there are three other code sections that identify the types of violations that count as "strikes" against you. Those other types of sections are labeled juvenile felonies, serious felonies, or violent felonies. In 1997 the Wisconsin State Assembly voted 86-8 to approve what many supporters call a "truth- in- sentencing" bill. The bill proposed that convicts should serve no less than 100 percent of their sentences as a get-tough-on-crime measure. The bill also would require prisoners to be under community supervision for at least 25 percent of their prison time after they are released. Wisconsin prisoners would stay behind bars for their entire sentence without any chance for parole. Both Three Strikes and Truth In Sentencing legislation have been advocated as punitive and deterrence strategies for reducing violent crime within our communities. Three Strikes laws impose long prison sentences for third felony convictions. These laws are designed to curb repetitive serious criminal behavior. Washington State enacted the first law of this type in 1993. Since then, more than two-dozen states and the federal government have enacted three strikes laws. The state of Minnesota doesn't have an official three strikes law, although it does have a law mandating a life sentence for certain sexual offenders who commit a third sexual offense. Minnesota requires a mandatory sentence of "at least the length of the presumptive sentence under the sentencing guidelines" for persons convicted of two or more prior felony convictions for violent crimes. Also, Minnesota's heinous crimes law requires the court to sentence an offender convicted of second-or-third-degree murder to the statutory maximum sentence if the offender was discharged from a prior "heinous crime" sentence within the past ten years . Robbery, theft, assault, and motor vehicle theft continues to decline. Is there a relationship between these types of crimes and those who are now incarcerated? It is generally recognized that a minority of criminals commit a majority of the crimes; therefore, one offender may be responsible for multiple incidents within a type of crime. In defending the three strikes legislation, California Governor Pete Wilson stated that two-thirds of violent crime perpetrated by less than 10% of convicted felons. He further related that during the first three years of the law, 2,900 violent criminals were imprisoned, while overall crime dropped 20%, with violent crime down 9.3% and property crimes down 14% . Most states have initiated tougher sentencing for habitual offenders and for crimes that have a link to additional criminal acts. Since 1990, the number of people in custody has risen more than 577,100 or 1,708 inmates per week. Today, more than 1.7 million people are confined in state, federal, and local correctional facilities. As the repeat offenders are taken off the streets, it is reasonable to expect that the repeatable crimes should significantly decline. In the 1980's, crime in Texas jumped 29% creating a ratio of eight crimes for every 100 citizens. During the 1990's, after the creation of additional prison space and a concerted effort to fill it with repeat offenders, the rate dropped to 5.6 crimes per 100, the lowest since 1973 . Some of the benefits and costs of the new law are that if fully implemented, the new law will reduce serious felonies committed by adults in California between 22 and 34 percent. This reduction in crime will be bought at a cost of an extra $4.5 billion to $6.5 billion per year in current dollars . The intent of the three-strikes law is, of course, to lock up repeat offenders longer, and that requires the construction and operation of more prisons. Some police and court costs may be saved in not having to deal so often with such offenders once they are locked up, but greater prison costs overwhelm such savings. Many questions arise when getting the new law all squared away such as alternatives. What would happen if the state got rid of"strikes" and instead guaranteed that those convicted of a serious crime serve their full sentence? In other words, what about adopting a law that sends those convicted of a serious felony to prison, eliminates "good time" for such felons so that they must serve their full term, and shifts some minor felons from prison to probation? It is necessary to compare the benefits and costs of the new law and these alternatives, relative to the old law. But for all the alternatives to

Geographic information system Essay Example

Geographic information system Essay Example Geographic information system Essay Geographic information system Essay In a proper way we will have apply the accepted geologic principles. A proper considerations of analytical factors will help in our effort. As there are various types of rock a photographic representation or guide line is not of much importance. In fact the number and relative effectiveness of geological events and various process (causes) that have acted upon them Is of much Importance to evaluate such features. This paper concentrate on the estimation of natural resources with the help of the Aerial photographic analysis. Key Words :1. Remote Sensing 2. Photograph 3. Natural resources 4. Information 5. Sub Area :Remote Sensing Broad Area :Engineering Geology Remote sensing is a technique by which collection of information about any object on the earth surface by recording device that Is not In physical contact with It. This technique is usually restricted to mean methods that record reflected or can say radiated electromagnetic energy, rather than methods that that involve significant penetration beneath(in to) the earth. With the help of Remote sensing technique, taking photograph [aerial photograph] and Interpret It. In fact geological studies are mostly dependent on the field and lab studies , but aerial photo exploitation revised sufficient informative data. The stereoscopic examination of aerial photographs makes possible the identification, selection, demarcation and delineation of lithographic units and enables to establish the stereographic sequence. Black and white photographs several standard such as tone, texture, landforms, topographic expression, slope, drainage pattern and texture, soil, vegetation, mode of weathering and surface features help in the identification of rocks. : Theory of Application of Remote Sensing Aerial photographs as well as satellite imagines occur with the Implementation of emote sensing with employing electromagnetic energy as the means of measuring 1 OFF because of Four-Fold reasons: 1. It provides a permanent record of any objects at any moment of time to the observer. 2. Characteristics feature of Any object which is not visible, can transformed into image clearly. 3. Certain types of aerial photographs and imagery can provide a 3-D view clearly. 4. It represents a relationships among larger area of Earth from a perspective view and provide a format by which we can study of any objects. Unlikeness of topography: It is more understandable on aerial photos than on the spot or in the fields. Topography refers to the level of the land. The difference in level is because of differences in resistances and binding capacities between the rock institution. It is because of this nature tough rocks like sandstones, quartzites granites make higher levels but the week rocks like clays and shale from lower levels. 2. Slope of Surface: This also gives valuable informations with references to underlying materials. Harder rocks form steeper slopes , sandstone forms cliffs but shale forms lower angle slope. On the other hand climate is an important factor in affecting the topography . Just depressed topography while it is tough in dry as lime stone in wet climate forms climate. Some igneous rocks also exhibit the same nature. 3. Drainage: The drainage capacity of rocks of two types (a) Macro drainage: It is like a surface drainage (b) Micro drainage: This includes the pattern and textures of the internal drainage character. The internal drainage is a recognizable feature from an aerial photograph. Impermeable rocks have short and closely formed deepest channels caused by the scattered. But sandstones which have high permeability and a tendency to form a moving mass of water rather than forming gullies. Drainage texture is also related to spacing of Joints and fractures. 4. Geometry of Rock shape and relative arrangement of rocks] This enables the interpreter to distinguish consolidated form unconsolidated sediments and sedimentary from igneous rocks. Belted topography may be the result of tilted consolidated sediments and irregular. Dykes are generally noted by their forms and pattern. Acid dykes are more resistant while basic dykes are less in humid areas. 5. Features of Surface: In topographic map this features will appear so small, but this is very important for topographical interpretation from aerial photographs. Various distinctive micro- features marks in this aerial photography for gneiss, gravel, shale, schist, reality, sand-shale, siltstone, basalt, serpentine, granite , lava etc. 6. Tone and Color: In this section, relative tones play very important role to detection of natural resources.

5 Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid in Business Writing - BestEssay.education

5 Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid in Business Writing 5 Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid in Business Writing If you own, operate or represent a business, it is extremely important that you are able to communicate effectively in writing. This includes communicating in advertisements, in blog posts, when sending emails, when posting on social media, and when interacting with customers or vendors. A big part of this is learning to avoid embarrassing grammar mistakes. The problem with bad grammar is that it damages credibility. If your writing is riddled with spelling and grammar errors that you have left uncorrected, people will wonder about the care you put into your products and services. Grammar errors also make your writing less effective. In fact, if you are stating a strong opinion, or you are making an emotional appeal, poor grammar can make your words unintentionally humorous. There are many grammatical errors that you can make in business writing. However, there are 5 that we believe are most common. Here they are, along with some advice on how to recognize and avoid them 1. Confusing i.e. and e.g. The reason that these two abbreviations are commonly confused is that they both have Latin roots and they have somewhat similar meanings. The translation of the abbreviation i.e. to English means 'that is'.   When you see this abbreviation, replace it in your head with the phrase, 'in other words'. The abbreviation e.g. means for example. You would use this at the beginning of a list of supporting examples after you make a statement. Usage Examples: We aren't getting the foot traffic we used to get on Sunday afternoons, i.e., we only had five customers come through our door last Sunday. We employ several different methods of measuring the success of our brick and mortal location, e.g., number of customers per day, dollars in sales per week, and the feedback on our customer comment cards. 2. Using I Instead of Me and Vice Versa For some reason, many of us instinctively want to replace the word me with the word I when we are referring to more than one person. How many times have we sent or received emails with sentences like the following: Will you follow up with David and I via email? Just tell David and I when you are ready to go forward with the project. At first glance, they might seem okay, but they are both incorrect. How do you tell? One way is to take the other person out of the equation, then look at the sentences again. Will you follow up with I via email? Just tell I when you are ready to go forward with the project. Grammar Hint: Now, it is easy to see the difference. It may help to try and remember that... I do something, and something is done to me. 3. Writing Utilize Instead of Use This one is fairly black and white. If you are writing the utilize in your business writing, you should stop doing that. It is one of those words that appears to be more formal and more professional, but it simply is not. If you find yourself typing the word utilize, back space and replace it with use. Better yet, set up an auto correct option to change the word when you type it. 4. Participles that Dangle Any word that ends in 'ing' is a participle. They are intended to modify the word or phrase that follows them. If you place the noun following the participle in the wrong place, you can unintentionally change the meaning of your sentence. Here's an example: Working more efficiently than ever, the computer room staff were thrilled with the new servers. This sentence appears to say that the computer room staff was working more efficiently than ever. However, if that is true, what about the servers? Here is the sentence after it has been corrected: Working more efficiently than ever, the new servers thrilled the computer room staff. 5. Using Quotation Marks Where They Are Not Needed For some reason, many people believe that placing a word or phrase in single or double quotes indicates emphasis. It does not. In fact, single quotes around a word or a phrase, especially one that makes a claim is read as an indication that something is not quite true. For example: We keep your financial information 'safe' and 'secure'! Customers will read this as if you are stating that you won't keep their information safe or secure. It may help to visualize a very sarcastic man using air quotes while reading your statement aloud. There are times when it is okay to use quotes around a word or phrase. If you are indicating to the reader that something isn't exactly true, it is acceptable to use quotes. Here is an example: We offer a vegan wrap with hummus, diced cucumbers, lettuce, tomatoes, and 'cheese'. Your readers would know both from the context clues and the apostrophes that you were referring to a cheese like food, but not to real cheese. Replacement Options: Try using bold print, underlining, or even beginning and ending a word or phrase with an asterisk. Each of these indicates emphasis. Just remember to avoid using all capital letters for emphasis. This is often interpreted as anger or hostility.

What were the main lessons from the Falklands for joint capability, Essay

What were the main lessons from the Falklands for joint capability, and were they successfully incorporated into defence policy during the 1980s - Essay Example Specifically, the superpowers – the Soviet Union and the United States – displayed keen interest and the war and subsequently used the lessons from this experience in order to realign their own military strategy, doctrine, logistics and weapons system. The Falkland War had, in the days after its end, would be fundamental in the reform of the whole spectrum of conventional war during the modern times. There are several schools that posit the importance of the conflict. For military reformers, the Falkland underscored the need for inexpensive and even less expensive ships. On the other hand, the traditionalists argue in favor of an increase funding for more supercarriers – high-technology ships that would strengthen the capability command and control. Out of all the differences in this debate, however, there lies the fact that discourse is already focused on the value of amphibious war capability to gain advantage in armed conflict. Alexander and Bartlett observed: Indeed, the Falklands War seemed to revalidate all components of naval warfare. Even before the Royal Marines stormed ashore near San Carlos, thoughtful observers had begun to reappraise the utility of naval armed suasion.2 This reference to contemporary analysis can be read from the newspaper column of George Will in the Washington Post in April 25, 1982. He expressed the following statement in regard to the then on-going war further south: This is the moment to explode the belief that the use of naval forces for political objectives – gunboat diplomacy is the preferred epithet – is an anachronism. And it is time for renewed appreciation of the role of naval forces in the US – Soviet balance.3 To further illustrate the British victory during the Falkland War, the British military situation prior to the conflict would be outlined. Then, a brief account of the conflict would be provided. After this, an investigation on the impact of the

Business Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Proposal - Assignment Example ment has not previously been submitted for assessment in any other course or at any other time in the same course and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of other students and/or persons. Webster food industries are in need for a reduction in the electricity and water bills. The electricity and water bills have gone up since the financial year began. It has created an increase in the costs of production and has led to the overall reduction in the company’s profits. Reduction In the costs will cause better management, improving the employees’ salaries and getting better equipment for production It has come to my attention that most of the employees leave the water running after washing their hands and most of them do forget to switch off the electric equipment’s when they are not in use, this has led to a significant increase in the costs of electricity and water bills, which has led to loses. Electricity and water bills are major costs in companies and creating awareness by seminars and reminding them through notifications in the affected areas will reduce the costs. Giving employees the responsibility of reminding their fellow colleges to do the small things like not leave the water running and to switch equipment is and lights off whenever they leave a room will lead to division of responsibility, which will lead to a growth of a positive response towards change. In order for the reduction of electricity and water costs to work, we need to start with a seminar for our employees to educate them on a better way to use the water and electricity in our company to reduce costs and improve profits. We can start by setting dates in which the seminars will be implemented and getting a well-known spokesperson to educate our employees on better ways of usage of the company’s resources ( Bloomsbury information ltd 2009). Typing notification in the bathroom sinks reminding employees not to leave the water running after use,

Pioneer Electronics Essay Example for Free

Pioneer Electronics Essay In 1975 Pioneer maintained relationships with approximately 3,500 franchise retail outlets, the retail outlets benefited from a 5% Pioneer investment in local advertising, and attractive gross margins and credit terms. However, that same year, Pioneer and three competitors were forced to sign consent decrees with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission promising not to engage in alleged anti-fair competition practices – namely requiring distributors to use suggested list prices and punishing those distributors who didn’t comply either through delayed shipments or revoked franchises. A market price war followed the signing of the consent decrees, lowering franchise’s profits while increasing revenue for Pioneer. Pioneer followed with a new marketing strategy aimed at pushing its new lower-priced hi-fi components over compacts or consoles, this further boosted Pioneer’s profit, continuing to erode the franchise distributors’ profit margins. The final outcome was a select few distributors’ shifting from supporting Pioneer component sales to pushing competitors’ products in order to make a larger profit. Central Problem Pioneer Electronics must determine how to move forward from franchise distributors’ complaints that they cannot make an adequate profit selling Pioneer components over the lesser quality, more affordable competitors’ components. The result is â€Å"dissident behavior† by the distributors– including disparaging comments about the Pioneer brand to potential consumers, poor product placement in franchise stores and â€Å"bait and switch† sales tactics. These actions reflect a possible erosion of franchise distributor support, which might force Pioneer to alter its business model. Relevant Facts With the repeal of the fair-trade laws, the market changed drastically for Pioneer, sales and market share increased significantly during this period, prices and margins dropped. As the target market for their products expanded, Pioneer changed their marketing strategy to focus on selling mid-priced hi-fi products. Pioneer’s sales continued to climb, but this strategy squeezed the dealers’ margins even more and made it difficult for them to make a profit selling Pioneer products. Pioneer decision to reposition itself from a premium-priced brand into a â€Å"mid-priced, mainstream† brand affected the profit margins of its distributors negatively. At the same time, the company’s profit margin increased dramatically. Based on 1976 data from Exhibit 13, an average retailer profit margin was about 3.4%. Pioneer had a comparable profit margin of 3.9% in 1975, based on Exhibit 14 data. This margin increased by almost 3 times in 1976 to 9.4%. This clearly shows how Pioneer benefited from its market repositioning strategy while its distributors profits declined. Although surveys showed customers were very satisfied with Pioneer products, the sales force was unhappy and felt the lower margins were unacceptable. This drove a few dealers to speak disparagingly about Pioneer products and use bait and switch tactics to create profits for themselves. Mitchell knew the dealers’ support was critical to the current distribution chain, but he couldn’t go back to the old incentives. To continue to be profitable and adapt to the new electronics market, Pioneer reconsider its current distribution network. Alternative Courses of Action †¢Alternative #1 Shift distribution to department stores: Shift retail distribution from specialty stores to department stores and catalog showrooms. 75% of U.S. Pioneer’s sales were from hi-fi specialty stores, 5% by department stores, and 7% by catalog showrooms. Advantages: Extensive credit facilities, strong consumer â€Å"pull† advertising, and lower prices. Industry sources predicts a substantial increase in the market shares of department stores and catalog showrooms. Disadvantages: Department stores and catalog showrooms do not offer the extensive customer services provided by specialty stores, including professional sales assistance, demonstration, extended store warranty, on-the-premises repair, home delivery and installation, and loaner component programs. †¢Alternative #2 Multiple Branding U.S. Pioneer would offer several product lines of varying quality and price points under separate brand names. Different product lines would be carried by different types of retail outlets. The department-store line would be of lower quality and price than the signature line. Advantages: Multiple branding had been used successfully in other industries. It would enable U.S. Pioneer to adapt most effectively to future changes in retail distribution. Pioneer already sells compacts and car stereos to discount stores under the Centrex brand name. Disadvantages: This strategy could tarnish Pioneer’s reputation for selling only top-of-the-line products. Pioneer may have trouble keeping their distribution channels distinct, and therefore be incurring too much cost on the low end products or being destroying the brand value of the high end products. †¢Alternative #3 Company-owned Stores Another alternative is to operate its own retail stores. Some retailers in the low-fi market had been selling their own house brands for some time. House brands are starting to make in-roads in the hi-fi market and the specialty stores are carrying house brands in increasing numbers. Advantages: One way to protect Pioneer from the risk of large specialty store chains promoting house brands which would impact its sales. Disadvantages: A large initial fixed investment for starting up is required. The risk of expanding into a non-familiar territory which Pioneer does not have good expertise in. †¢Alternative #4 Dealer Communication improvement Dealer support is crucial for Pioneer growth. From Table A â€Å"Factors Influencing Purchase of Hi-fi Products† in the case, it clearly shows that dealer recommendations, advertising and store displays accounts for 42% of the factors influencing consumers decisions. The company needs to hire more salespeople to increase the frequency of dealer visits, provide higher cash rebates or other incentive programs and organizing yearly dealers’ conferences at different resorts. Pioneer needs to stop forcing its dealers to prominently display low-end components and push lower-priced components. Selling lower priced components affects the retailer’s profit margin. This results in placing higher sales emphasis on house brands or competitor products. Advantages: Retailer’s salespeople are the company’s point of contact with its customers. Happy and content dealers will push Pioneer product which will increase company’s sales. Disadvantage: The brand is what sells the product. The company should not waste funds on dealer rebates and conferences. This will result in a rebate war between different manufacturers. Plan of Action: Pioneer should pursue a multiple label branding strategy to capture sales in both the high end and lost cost market segments, which will increase total revenue and profits. The company is already implementing this through its Centrex brand name in Japan. This strategy will enable Pioneer, through the Centrex brand, to target the growing department stores market with its lower price product segment. The signature Pioneer brand can still be marketed through Hi-Fi specialty stores. Under this arrangement Pioneer will need to develop a customized sales and marketing plan for each brand and have separate sales and distribution channels. Pioneer will continue to contribute a percentage of sales to local marketing campaigns to assist local specialty retailers in maintaining local recognition within the community. The Centrex brand will be distributed through the larger department stores and because of the national recognition of these stores there would not be a need to contribute a percentage of sales to assist in local marketing. These funds should be used for other promotional items in the large department stores, such as contests for the largest sales in a month or quarter or number of a specific product sold. The company should also simultaneously invest in improving its working relationship with their dealers. The first thing that Pioneer will need to do is to cease printing ads in newspapers and/or journals to communicate to dealers about unapproved behavior. These types of conversations should be conducted behind closed doors, as neither side wins when they communicate in a public forum. Pioneer will need to begin to request their feedback and input on new market trends, consumer needs and product improvement suggestions and adjust the Pioneer products accordingly. Pioneer should implement the sales program from Exhibit 12 and shift some of the funds from the marketing campaigns to have local contests to spur sales among local sales force.

Othello’s Sinister Side Essay -- Othello essays

Othello’s Sinister Side  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s Othello, with its prolonged exposure to the evil mind of Iago, is difficult for some in the audience. Let’s consider the play’s evil aspect.    In the Introduction to The Folger Library General Reader’s Shakespeare, Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar explain the single, evil focus of the drama – the arch-villainy of the ancient:    Othello has been described as Shakespeare’s most perfect play. Critics of dramatic structure have praised it for its attention to the main theme without irrelevant distractions. Many Elizabethan plays had rambling subplots and much extraneous detail to amuse the groundlings. Othello avoids all irrelevancies and the action moves swiftly from the first scene to the denouement. We never get lost in a multiplicity of incidents or a multitude of characters. Our attention remains centered on the arch villainy of Iago and his plot to plant in Othello’s mind a corroding belief in his wife’s faithlessness. (viii)    Even the imagery in the drama has its evil aspect. Kenneth Muir, in the Introduction to William Shakespeare: Othello,   explains the instances of diabolic imagery in the play as they relate to the infecting of the Moor by the ancient:    The same transference from Iago to Othello may be observed in what S. L. Bethell called diabolic imagery. He estimated that of the 64 images relating to hell and damnation – many of them are allusions rather than strict images – Iago has 18 and Othello 26. But 14 of Iago’s are used in the first two Acts, and 25 of Othello's in the last three. The theme of hell originates with Iago and is transferred to Othello only when Iago has succeeded in infecting the Moor with his jealousy. (22) .. ...rsity. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.    -- -- --. Introduction. The Folger Library General Reader’s Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. New York: Washington Square Press, 1957.

Case Study Material Essay

Herman Miller Company is looking to adopt the cradle-to cradle (C2C) design protocol. This design is to create a closed-loop product life cycles. Herman Miller Company should not use PVC in the construction of the Mirra chair. An alternative material thermoplastic urethane (TPU) has been identified as an alternative. TPU is a viable alternative that goes along with the â€Å"green† publicity the company was getting for the Mirra chair. The first step that needs to take place is to talk to their supplier about modifying existing tooling to work with TPU. As well as the lead time it would take to modify existing tooling. To create new tooling could take approximately 6-8 weeks for new tooling to be engineered as well as creating the new tooling. As discussed from the case the retool could cost over $100K (Lee 2009). The introduction of TPU was discussed in August of 2002 and the launch of the Mirra chair is scheduled for June 2003. This provides the company with 9 months to use TPU instead of PVC on the chair arms. To retrofit tooling for a new raw material can cause more problems than just to create new tooling. The first thing that needs to happen is to talk to the supplier and to determine a lead time for new tooling and a lead time for modifying existing tooling. Tooling can be modified; however, it is a matter of time and money. There are concerns about using TPU in the Mirra chair, that customers will start wanting TPU in every chair. This chair has received a lot of publicity

Concept and Value of Entrepreneurship

Question: What is entrepreneurship? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from your home country. Nowadays, entrepreneurship places an important determinant of development in the society and regarded as the â€Å"rock stars† in the business world. According to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), entrepreneurship is defined as: ‘any attempt to create a new business enterprise or to expand an existing business by an individual, a team of individuals or an established business’. It means that the individuals or an established business are able to make a unique, innovative and creative contribution whether in employment or self-employment.At the same time, entrepreneurship represents people who are driven to act on opportunities and environmental catalysts in the face of limited resources. At its core, entrepreneurship is starting a business from idea conception to managing the company for the long term. There is no doubt that entrepreneurship deserves the reputation for the reason that it has the level of freedom of which traditional managers can only dream. ( Morrison, 2000) In order to inquire entrepreneurship deeply, this article illustrates two essential parts to analysis entrepreneurship.The first aspect is giving the concept of entrepreneurship including the explanation of entrepreneurship and discussing whether entrepreneurship is aroused from nature or nurture. The second part is considering the value of entrepreneurship. Part one: the concept of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship can be explained into various approaches, including economic approach, personality approach and other approaches. In this part, the article put emphasis on the economic dimension and personality dimension to analyze the features distinguished entrepreneurs.The role of entrepreneurship is embedded in the mainstream economic models. Considering the direction of causality between entrepreneurship and economy, it can be proved that economic development g enerates many opportunities which can transform new ideas and create the new enterprises. On the contrary, the creation of new industries and the innovation of existed firms which stimulated by entrepreneurship may stimulate the economic growth. Therefore, entrepreneurship can be regarded as both the cause and effect of economic development.From an economic perspective, the measure of entrepreneurship is the contribution of new firm formation. Entrepreneurs are more than a business man, they are the speculative trader which is skilled to put forward new ideas, grasp the opportunities and combine the effective management with innovation in the risk and uncertainty background. When starting up a new enterprise, there are a number of jobs available can be generated. When facing with the economic slump and financial crisis, entrepreneurs can drive the company get out of the trouble by seizing opportunities and making innovation.There comes a conclusion that the entrepreneurs as the agen t of economic change so that it makes huge contributions to economic growth. ( Oscar, Javier & Pablo, 2009) It is far from enough for explaining the entrepreneurship in economic rationale. Economic perspective ignores the special human abilities and differences in human values, capabilities and power of human will result in different practical solutions. Therefore, it is essential to take the personality into account. Personality traits aim to using the characteristics of individual to explain the differences of individual actions when facing the similar conditions.Personality traits also explain the behaviors of entrepreneurs. There is no doubt that the individual personality of entrepreneurs stimulates their passions, social interactions and creativeness. In order to give a deep understanding of entrepreneurship, there are several traits which have a close relationship with entrepreneurship. ( Littunen, 2000) Innovation is the soul of entrepreneurship. Hampered by uncertainty and limited resources, entrepreneurs should to reply the variety agile efficiently and become creative in facing the challenges.Since the essence of entrepreneurship is doing the different things rather than making something better, the lack of innovation will result in the decline of enterprise, even perishing. In the point of view of CEO Zhang Ruimin, entrepreneurship is the creative destruction, if the enterprise attempts to make great achievements, there is a need for enterprise to destroy themselves, and otherwise they will be destroyed by other firms. Thus, recently, Haier put forward an idea that enterprises should be adapt to the demand of epoch development other than willing to success.Haier relies on the pursuit of innovation perseverance by the means of setting up an independent operation mode of the win-win body successfully become a leader in the industry. ( Okpara, 2007) Adventure is the nature of the entrepreneurial spirit. Facing with the potential risks and uncertainty, it is impossible to possess entrepreneurship if lacking of adventure. It is said that you must kiss a large number of frog to find the princess. It means that entrepreneurs should have to experience setbacks and failures in order to be success. Liu chuanzhi is the representative of entrepreneur in china.Although he has been relieved from this office, he still keens to start new businesses. Regardless of facing risks and many challenges, he intends to transform Lenovo into an enterprise which produces enterprises. It can be drawn that entrepreneurs have the spirit of adventure and dare to be the first one. (Hadji, Cocks & Mueller, 2007) Social vision is the key to entrepreneurship. Social vision can be regarded as a strong sense of obligation and destiny to satisfy human needs. Possessing social vision promotes entrepreneurs to find the opportunities and act as an agent of social age.Li kaifu, the CEO of Innovation Works, stress that entrepreneurs should spare no effort to produce m ore social returns. He proves himself through actions. September 4, 2009, Kaifu Lee resigned from Google to run his Innovation Works as an angel investor and create new models for society by his huge influence. Li kaifu has the sense of obligation and aspiration to make contribution to social and economic development by creating new business and innovation. What’s more, there are many other characteristics which are associated with entrepreneurship such as locus of control, determination, and trusting and trustworthy.When entrepreneurship attracts public’s attention, there is a heated debate aroused about whether entrepreneurship is caused by nature or nurture. Some groups believed that genetic factors existed to drive people to engage in entrepreneurial activity. There is no doubt that some kinds of specialities are people born with, such as the innovativeness, adventurous and locus of control. These characteristics are determined by genetic factors rather than traini ng or other environmental factors. It is insisted that genes may have an influence on chemical mechanisms in the brain so that people maybe more willing to pursue entrepreneurial activity.Genes also affect individual characteristics which can make entrepreneurs different from others, such as people who possess characteristics of innovativeness and locus of control are more likely to throw themselves to the entrepreneurial activity. ( Kroeck, Bullough & Reynolds, 2010) Genes entrust people the ability to be more sensitive than others to environmental stimuli, it means that entrepreneurs are easier than others to master the social change in order to prepare in advance. What’s more, genes may make people to good at find favourable factors and opportunities to ensure the company development.Therefore, it is nearly impossible to find a simple formula or entrepreneurship that can be trained, the specific characteristics and habits possessed by the successful entrepreneurs was inher ent. ( Kenney & Mujtaba, 2007) However, some groups take the opposite view that entrepreneurial leaders are made rather than born. They consider that there is hardly existed entrepreneurship gene for the reason that the majority of entrepreneurial leaders start at a young age. According to the survey, about 33% of the entrepreneurial leader said that working in the corporate environment makes essential contribution to the success of their business.At the same time, 45% of entrepreneurs establish their own businesses after the age of thirty. Although there still have young entrepreneurial leader, it is no doubt that the knowledge they acquire in the college and the personal experiences through the corporate and social environment are essential to their success. In spite of the young age, over a half of entrepreneurs regarded themselves as the â€Å"transitioned leader† for the reason that they have spent a much time in the traditional employment before starting their own busin ess. The education and experiences lay great foundation on the entrepreneurs.It can be concluded that entrepreneurs are aroused from both nature and nurture. Some unique characteristics of entrepreneurship which include creativeness, locus of control and risk-takers are born with and can not be taught, these characteristics make the entrepreneurial leaders apart from the traditional managers. Nevertheless, becoming successful entrepreneurs and running the business successfully in the long term are not simply requiring the specialties, but also depending on the combination of internal and external factors, consisting of education, timing, culture, social environment and sometimes luck.Part two: the value of entrepreneurship Almost without exception, entrepreneurship brings a lot benefits to individual, companies and society. Most importantly, entrepreneurship indeed generates great economic benefits so that it should be attach importance to. Actually, entrepreneurship is regarded as a challenge for people. It requires people to break the traditional thinking of managers and become the risk-taker and create a new business. Although it may be difficulty for people due to the lower median incomes and more volatile and less secure, entrepreneurs could earn self satisfaction and rewards which is an opportunity for them.At the same time, developing the entrepreneurship can generate self sufficiency which can create the wealth. According to the top ten popular entrepreneurs in china which is ranked by Forbes, consisting of CEO Ma huateng in Tencent, CEO Ma yun and other entrepreneurs, the aim of ranking is to make entrepreneurship internationally respected and admitted. Therefore, facing uncertainty risks and challenges, entrepreneurs are still willing to create their own business and achieve their values. Firth & Mcelwee, 2009) Entrepreneurship also plays the dominant role in the enterprise development; it is the major source of the enterprise core competitiveness. T he core competitiveness of enterprise is regarded as the extension of entrepreneurship and it can be reflected by the visionary and vigorous leader. As being the unique position in company, it is important for entrepreneurs to take responsibility of risk activities such as the organization innovation, management innovation and value innovation.For example, in 2002, Huawei was facing the challenge of lacking of technology advantages and entering the cyclical downturn, CEO Ren zhengfei carried out the deep reform which includes industrial restructuring and internal restructuring and finally enterprise met the success. It proved that entrepreneurship does not simply constitute the internal driving force of development, but also become the external development opportunities. Entrepreneurship makes huge contribution to the social development, especially in economy.Entrepreneurship generates a large number of employment opportunities by the establishment of new business which is treated a s a significant input to economy. It is also improving the level of productivity by boosting the GDP rates or tax contributions. Moreover, entrepreneurs are able to create many innovations which promote the boom of inventions the world would have been a much dry place to live in. Especially in recent years, China is experiencing the economic downturn influenced by the global economic crisis; it is in urgent need of entrepreneurship to promote the economic recovery.Sun mingnan is the represent of the generation of 80s, which was the most attractive young entrepreneur in Summer Davos, his successful experience proved that young entrepreneurs attach importance to the economic development in China. ( Santo, 2012) Above all, entrepreneurship has substantial value, it is increasingly treated as a vital driver of economic, productivity, innovation and employment development, and it is believed to be a key aspect of economic dynamism and a key factor to determine the birth and death of firm s and their growth and downsizing.It is also promoting the self satisfaction and sufficiency. Since creating a new business and participating in self-employment has become a common activity in the world, entrepreneurship is widely recognized as the major drive in economic growth. After the basic analysis of entrepreneurship among the economic and political ways, as well as whether entrepreneurship is caused from nature or nurture, it can be concluded that entrepreneurs indeed have some kinds of characteristics which are born with, also need the knowledge and experiences. Combined with both nature and raining, entrepreneurs have the ability to make contribution to individual, enterprises and the society. In a conclusion, entrepreneurship is deserved for both people and government to pay attention to. References: Firth, K & Mcelwee, G(2009), â€Å"Value-adding and Value-extracting Entrepreneurship at the Margins†, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 22, pp39-53 Hadji, M, Cocks, G & Mueller, J(2007), â€Å"Toolkit for leaders: entrepreneurship and leadership prerequisites for a winning performance†, Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, vol. , pp1-13 Kenney, M & Mujtaba, BG(2007), Understanding Corporate Entrepreneurship and Development: A Practitioner View of Organizational Entrepreneurship, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 12, pp73-88 Kroeck, KG, Bullough, AM & Reynolds, PD(2010), â€Å"Entrepreneurship and Differences in Locus of Control†, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 15, pp21-49 Littunen, H(2000), â€Å"Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality†, International Journal of Entrepreneurship Bhaviour & Research, vol. , pp295 Morrison, A(2000), â€Å"Entrepreneurship: what triggers it? †, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 6. 2, pp 59-72 Okpara, FO(2007), â€Å"The Value of Creativ ity and Innovation in Entrepreneurship†, Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, vol. 3, pp1-14 Oscar, GB, Javier, GB & Pablo, MG(2009), â€Å"Role of entrepreneurship and market orientation in firms’ success,† European Journal of Marketing, vol. 43, pp500-522 Santo, FM(2012), â€Å"A Positive Theory of Social

Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Example

Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Example Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Nowadays, the most important point of businesses process is how to make business successful with less loses and higher profit. The organization has to find and create the way to make company go forward with less of trouble and make balance between effectiveness and efficiency (Robbins Coulter 2007). Above all, important point of business process is the management, which is a human activity in an organization to accomplish the goals, and make a high performance and a high quality (Schermerhorn 2008). Therefore, the organization has to look for good managers in order to make company pass the big challenges. Organisation also uses management process and diverse roles to accomplish goals. For this reason, the best company to explain this entire role is Oporto. This essay will explain management is a diverse role, and increasingly so in the 21st century. According to the introduction, efficiency is how to accomplish the goals by using minimum resources and less waste as much as they can. On the other hand, effectiveness is same as efficiency but effectiveness just wants to get good results (Robbins Coulter 2007). The first step of management process is planning, which is plotting to complete the goals and begin of the strategy (Robbins Coulter 2007). For example, Oporto is the Australia fast food company. The campaign of the company is focusing on fresh grill chicken not frozen chicken. (Oporto 2010b). This step is using by top manager who is the owner of Oporto, Antonio Cerqueira and also owner of all franchisee. They are using Conceptual skills to make high quality to the company. They are using Human skills to learn ability of employees, and use some of Technical skills to make other level of managers to understand the concept. Therefore, planning of Oporto Company is how to increase customers and franchisee with best quality (Oporto 2010a). The second step is organizing. It is how to choose person, who can do these jobs, and make it done with less problems (Pettinger 2007). This step is using by middle manager that are supervisors. They are finding the tactic and using the concept from the top manager to improve the quality. The procedures of diverse roles is to use for identify conceptual of Katz theory. There are including selection people to work in the organisation. The organisation should focuses on the abilities of people that related with the job position (Robbins DeCenzo 2005). In this case, Oporto Company has concepts to increase customers and make best quality. This manager type seek employees, who clever on that station. In a conversation on 19 July 2010, Vin, Oporto’s manager has planned the daily shift plans, which tell what station that employees should stand. In the meantime, manager has to know about experiences of employees and also learn what they are suit to work in different station. Overton (2009) suggested this third step like conductor in an orchestra. In addition, conductor is a leader of the orchestra that it needs to control member in the band. From this reason, manager has to motivate employees, the employees, and make them active all the time. First-line manager is a kitchen coordinator that has to do these steps. They have good technical skills and human skills that mean they know how employees feel. They can do all stations. However, employers also use diverse roles from Mintzberg’s management roles. For instance, leaders are motivating, training, and recruiting employees which are the secondary from interpersonal roles (Robbins DeCenzo 2005). Here in, Oporto’s manager must show appreciation with employees after rush hours and also make employees feel please while they are working. Lastly, controlling is how to maintain quality that employees do (Rothbauer-Wanish 2009). Furthermore, this step has to monitor and compare activities that employees do. Also, make those works complete (Rothbauer-Wanish 2009). In this case, Oporto Company always sent the quality inspection. They call this team is a mystery shopper for check the quality of service and products such as properly uniform, following the safety procedures, and quality of services. (Oporto 2010a). There are many challenges that effects with other companies in the world. The first challenge is domestic competition. In this situation, Oporto Company does not have effects but Oporto franchisees are affected. In addition, some people buy franchisee from Oporto Company in Australia but they open store in other countries. For example, the first Oporto franchisee is going to open in United Kingdom. The competitor of Oporto in United Kingdom is Nando restaurant that they are selling chicken products (Nando 2010). The last challenge is unpredictable and rapid change in the environment (Overton 2009). This is a big challenge for Oporto Company. If suppliers have problem about chicken’s products such as chicken size is so small and diseased with chickens, they will have problems with franchisee. In conclusion, this four steps of the management process are created for develop the company to become high standard. All steps are related with each other from planning to organising, to leading, and finish by controlling (Overton 2009). The big challenges of Oporto company are only unpredictable and rapid change for the environment but second challenge is domestic competition has an indirect effect because they have more effect with franchisee in other countries than the head quarter and franchisee in Australia. Organizations have many diverse roles to use and it has to adapt by depend on type of companies. Meanwhile, good companies must have good plot of management process by good managers. They also make balance efficiency and effectiveness for increase performance of companies. Hence, challenges of companies shown ability of managers to plan management process without problem or trouble and increase the standard of companies to above best level, which means excellent with less resources.

States With Highest Teenage Pregnancy and Birth Rates

States With Highest Teenage Pregnancy and Birth Rates While the teen pregnancy rate has been declining overall over the past two decades, rates of teen pregnancy and birth can vary wildly from state to state within the United States. However, there seems to be a connection between ​sex education (or the lack thereof) and the rates of teen pregnancy and parenthood. The Data A recent report by the Guttmacher Institute compiled teenage  pregnancy statistics in the United States gathered state by state in 2010. Based on available data, below are listings of states ranked by pregnancy and birth rates. States with the high rates of pregnancy among women age 15–19  in ranked order: New Mexico  ArkansasMississippi  OklahomaTexas  Louisiana In 2013, New Mexico had the highest teenage pregnancy rate (62 per 1,000 women). The next highest rates were in Arkansas (59), Mississippi (58), Oklahoma (58), Texas (58) and Louisiana (54). The lowest rates were in New Hampshire (22), Massachusetts (24), Minnesota (26), Utah (28), Vermont (28) and Wisconsin (28). States ranked by rates of live births among women age 15–19:   New MexicoArkansas  OklahomaMississippiTexas  West Virginia   In 2013, the teenage birth rate  was highest in New Mexico, Arkansas, and Oklahoma (43 per 1,000 women), and the next highest rates were in Mississippi (42), Texas (41) and West Virginia (40). The lowest rates were in Massachusetts (12), Connecticut (13), New Hampshire (13), Vermont (14) and New Jersey (15). What Does This Data Mean? For one, there seems to be an ironic correlation between states with conservative politics around sex education and contraception and high rates of teen pregnancy and birth. Some research suggests that U.S. states whose residents have more conservative religious beliefs on average tend to have higher rates  of teenagers giving birth.  The relationship could be because communities with such religious beliefs (a literal interpretation of the Bible, for instance) may frown upon contraception  ...  If that same culture isnt successfully discouraging  teen sex, the pregnancy and birth rates rise. Furthermore, teen pregnancy and birth rates are often higher in rural areas rather than more urban areas. Think Progress  reports: While teens across the country have largely been having less sex and using more contraception, teens in rural areas have actually been having more sex and using birth control less frequently. It’s not clear why that’s the case, but it could partly be because teens in rural areas still lack access to a range of comprehensive contraceptive services. There just aren’t as many sexual health resources in rural counties, where teens may have to travel farther to the nearest women’s health clinic. And deeply rooted attitudes about sex- including school districts that continue to cling to  abstinence-only health curricula  that don’t give teens enough information about methods to prevent pregnancy- may also play a role. Urban school districts, particularly in  New York City, have made significant advances in expanding teens’ access to sexual education and resources, but there often aren’t similar pushes in rural places. Ultimately, the data underscore that it is not simply because teens are engaging in risky behaviors, such as having unprotected sex. They are also engaging in sexual activity while being un- or under-informed and while lacking access to contraception and family planning services.   Consequences of Teen Parenthood Having a child young often incites problematic life outcomes for teen mothers.  For example, just  40% of women who have a child before age 20  finish high school. Because many  teen mothers drop out of school to parent full-time, support around their education is crucial. While supportive social infrastructure to aid young parents is key, it is often missing, particularly in states with large percentages of teen pregnancies. One small way to help is for communities to start a  Babysitters Club  so they young mothers can take GED classes and continue their educations.   As the  National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy  argues by preventing teen and unplanned pregnancy, we can significantly improve other serious social problems including poverty (especially child poverty), child abuse and neglect, father-absence, low birth weight, school failure, and poor preparation for the workforce.  However, until we tackle the large infrastructural and cultural issues around teen parenthood, including access to family planning resources, the issue seems unlikely to go away anytime soon.   Source: Kost K, Maddow-Zimet, I and Arpaia, A. Pregnancies. Births and Abortions Among Adolescents and Young Women in the United States, 2013: National and State Trends by Age, Race, and Ethnicity. New York: Guttmacher Institute. 2017.

Getting a tattoo is not bad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Getting a tattoo is not bad - Essay Example The personal expression has become essential for life success in many contexts. There are also variable ways to reinforce this personal expression and individuals may choose tattoos as their first choice to describe their personality. Still, the pervading social understanding views tattoos as emanating from terrible judgment and many people remain fearful of the person who has tattoos on their body. However, if we go back to ancient history, tattoos were divine and used by many cultures to describe religious beliefs, declarations of love, and adornments. Today individuals use the tattoo to express their personality as a fashion. Tattooing is not dirty or fearful; it is quickly becoming the new mainstream. Although today many people have tattoos, some individuals still claim that tattooing is dirty and dangerous. There are many arguments why tattooing is not safe. Still, lack of understanding is one of the primary reasons people hold this argument. Many uneducated individuals believe that tattoo shops are not clean, and always use the same needles. Individuals also believe that tattoo artists use uncertified materials. However, tattoo performers show the new needle package and approved inks in front of the customer before beginning the tattoo. Although tattoo artists provide all safety materials for tattoos, anything containing chemical material has risks. These elements include blood-borne diseases, skin infections and disorders, as well as allergic and MRI complications.

How important a first impression is in an interview in todays economy Essay

How important a first impression is in an interview in todays economy - Essay Example A first impression on the interviewer helps the interviewee to impress the members who are taking the interview. It is necessary for the candidate to prepare for the interview beforehand so that he can make a good first impression. With a good first impression the interviewer goes slow with the interview asking him questions which might possibly help him enter the arena. Moreover even if the interviewee is not able to answer certain questions properly, then the first impression would make up for the interviewee so that he gets successful (Ronald 2002). In order to make the first impression appealing it is necessary for a candidate to be prepared. Appearance is counted as the first factor to impress the interviewer as when an individual enters the room of interview his appearance is the first thing which is to be noticed by everyone. Secondly his resume also works toward the first impression by allowing the interviewer to gain an insight into the qualifications of the candidate. The resume should be brief and well organized so that the interviewer can get grasp of all the important things. And thirdly it is necessary for a candidate to reach on time for interviews as it would create a good first impression on the interviewer (Renee 2007). By following all the protocols of an interview the candidate can be sure that he will make a good impression. A good impression in the current economy helps individuals to get jobs which are otherwise difficult to take. The interviewer judges the candidate from his very first impression and this might be the key to success for the candidate. A good first impression would also help the interviewer to know much about the interviewee as it is important in relation to the aspects of the job. Coming on time, right appearance and the right resume would create a balanced first impression which would help the interviewer to know that the person is fit to work in the position he has applied for (Bloch 1997; Ronald 2002). In

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 33

Analysis - Essay Example According to the data, Dicks Sporting Goods Inc. the company recorded a revenue of 1173.794 Million dollars based on the one year sales. The figure is too high and therefore, the company failed in the analysis test. The twelve month Debt/Capitalization ratio for the company is quite high from what the methodology requires of the company to go public. The leading companies that investors look for do not need money in order to be a going concern. The company has really borrowed a lot of money which is not a good sign for the investors. Dicks Sporting Goods Inc. has 1.84X as debt/EBITDA ratio. This is relatively higher figure. It therefore, means that the company will not be in a position service their current debt in a right manner and can lead to lower credit rating. According to the analysis, the company has a weak relative strength. Companies that have a relative strength of more than 90% is always considered to be very attractive. Therefore, the relative strength of 64% is not good enough for the investors to buy its

Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol

Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Experiment #1: Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Johanna Bernadette C. Halili Mr. John Ephraim Torres June 21, 2014 ABSTRACT The synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol is an example of elimination reaction. Cyclohexanol, a secondary unsaturated alcohol, undergoes dehydration reaction to form a good leaving group which is H20 because the OH group of an alcohol is a very strong base making it a poor leaving group. The reaction will then be followed by the obstruction of a hydrogen atom to form a carbon double bond or an alkene which in this case is cyclohexene. Cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which is very reactive due to its negative center (Ault, 1973; Williamson, 2013; Eagleson, 1994). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an instrument which is used to separate gaseous substances and it functions as an analyzer for the compound. This instrument may be able to provide the molecular weight, formula and structure of an unknown compound. Synthesis was done via simple distillation since distillation gives a relatively pure yield (Karesek-Clement, 1988). Phosphoric acid was added to cyclohexano l in a round bottomed flask to have the dehydration reaction which would yield to the cyclohexene. It was then distilled and the group was able to get 3 ml of yield. The distillate was observed using the mass spectrometer and it showed that the yield had an 81.98 molecular weight which is very close to the theoretical molecular weight of cyclohexene which is 82. Fragments were also observed with the result obtained and some can be considered as impurities. The product was affirmed to be cyclohexene based from the results obtained from the mass spectra. We can say that the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is a great tool in analyzing either an unknown or for comparative reasons of a compound since it gives accurate results. Also, it is recommended to analyze at once the product for it not to evaporate. INTRODUCTION Alcohols undergo elimination reaction in the presence of a strong acid to form an alkene. Strong acids such as Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are used in the dehydration reaction of alcohols. The acid needs to protonate the –OH group because -OH is a strong base making it a poor leaving group. Once the –OH has been protonated to H20, it can leave and the nucleophile will obstruct a beta hydrogen to form a carbon double bond or an alkene (Williamson, 2013). An example of this reaction was observed in this experiment with the synthesis of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene via distillation and extraction. Cyclohexanol is a secondary saturated alcohol with boiling point of 100.16 celcius which undergoes elimination reaction to form cyclohexene product with respect to their interaction with the column (stationary phase) and the gas/helium (mobile phase). A mass spectrum may be able to give the following information: molecular weight, molecular formula and molecular structure of the substance (Ault, 1973).. The objectives of this experiment are to isolate cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through acid-catalyzed elimination of water and to be able to determine the identity of the distillate product through Gas Chromatography. II. METHODOLOGY In this experiment, Cyclohexanol was synthesized to cyclohexene via distillation and extraction. In a 50 ml round bottomed flask, 5.0 grams of cyclohexanol, 1 ml of 85% phosphoric acid and boiling chips were added. After the flask was swirled to mix the contents, it was attached to a fractionating column which was fitted with a distilling adapter, thermometer and a simple condenser. The flask was heated using an oil bath with boiling chips for 5 minutes. The distillation process was done until the residue reduced to 1 to 15 ml. The group was able to collect only 3 ml of distillate. The receiver was placed in an ice bath for the residue not to evaporate. The distillate in the receiver was then transferred to a separatory funnel. Furthermore, 5 ml of water was added and was stoppered and mixed through shaking. The lower aqueous layer was discarded while the upper organic layer was decanted to an Erlenmeyer flask. Enough amount of Anhydrous sodium sulfate were placed in the Erlenmeyer f lask to absorb water residues as it was swirled occasionally for 10 minutes. The contents of the Erlenmeyer flask was then transferred to a test tube and the next distillation process was not done since the yield of the distilled product was too few. The product was then analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus in the instrument room. III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS For this experiment, the yield was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus. The graph shows the relationship between the relative abundance (y-axis) to M/Z ratio (x-axis). The result of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the product can be seen in fig 1 at the last page, the parent ion or the molecular ion denoted by M+ has a value of Distillation helps in obtaining purer substances. Also, an advanced instrument such as the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus gives a very accurate result or molecular weight of the product and other fragments. There can still be further modifications for better results. First, the instruments to be used should always be dried properly to make sure that there will be no impurities such as water. Second, another round of distillation should also be done to have purer product to avoid seeing impurities. Lastly, it is greatly recommended for the yield to be analyzed at once since it was observed that for some, the distillate evaporated. V.REFERENCES Bernard, M., Chandler, Z. The-Mach. Elimination reactions; cyclohexene from cyclohexanol. http://the-mach.wikispaces.com/Elimination+reaction%3B+cyclohexene+from+cyclohexanol (accessed June 12, 2014) Khan Academy. E1 elimination: Carbocation rearrangements. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/substitution-elimination-reactions/e1-e2-tutorial/v/e1-eliminationcarbocation-rearrangements (accessed June 12, 2014) Ault, A. Techniques and Experiments for Organic Chemistry, 6th ed.; Waveland Press Incorporated: Illinois, 1973. Eagleson, M. Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry; Walter De Gruyter Inc: Berlin, 1994. Masters, K., Williamson, K. Macroscale and Microscale Oorganic Experiments, 6th ed.; Cengage Learning: Stamford, USA, 2010 Clement, R.E., Karasek, F.W. Basic Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Techniques; Elsevier, 1988. University of Bristol. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). http://www.bris.ac.uk/nerclsmsf/techniques/gcms.html (accessed June 20, 2014) Baklajian, Alex (May 2012). Introduction to mass spectrometry. and water which co-distill (Eagleson, 1994). The distillate product is cyclohexene which is unsaturated and has the boiling point of 83 celcius. Synthesis was done via distillation since it helps in obtaining purer substances (Bernard-Chandler, n,d). Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy is a physical method of separating a compound which are volatile and thermally stable. This instrument can separate, identify and quantify compounds. The two phases that involves the process are the stationary phase which is the column and the mobile phase which is the carrier gas like helium (Karesek-Clement, 1988). The vaporized sample will be attacked by beam of electrons which is called the ionization process in which the positively charged ionic fragments are produced. This process involves the removal of electrons since the beam of electrons knock off one electron from a molecule which forms the parent ion or molecular ion. Fragmentation happens with the product of ionization to give smaller charged and neutral pieces. A magnetic field would force the circular flow of the ions and the separation will occur since they will follow different path of radius 81.98 which gives us the relative formula mass of the molecule (University of Bristol, n.d; Ault, 1973). Also, it can be seen that there is a presence of an isotope since there is a peak that is close in value with the M+ to the right. This is because carbon has an isotope which is 13C. The natural abundance of Carbon 12 is much higher than the natural abundance of Carbon 13 but since the mass spectrometer gives very accurate results, it may be able to detect the isotope. The parent ion M+ has the highest mass among the peaks. Any peaks lower than the M+ are just considered as fragment readings in the spectrum while the isotope, denoted by M+1, is the peak which is to the right of the parent ion which is lower in intensity (chem.ucla.edu, n.d; Baklajian, 2012). Other peaks can be considered as just fragments. These fragments are due to the breaking down of the unstable positive ions (chemguide.co.uk, n.d; Ault, 1973). On the other hand, the base peak is the one with the 56 molecular weight indicated by its 100 reading in abundance. The base peak always has the highest abundance among all the peaks (Karesek-Clement, 1988). The peak with the 100.013812 reading can be considered as an i mpurity. Even if it has the highest mass reading, it was not considered as the molecular ion peak since the compound being talked about here is cyclohexene. To sum it all up, the group was able to collect cyclohexene via distillation of cyclohexanol. The obtained results from the mass spectrum showed the presence of an impurity and also an isotope peak. The yield’s molecular weight (81.98) was indeed very close to the theoretical molecular weight which is 82. IV.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION It was observed that in this experiment on synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol, the group was able to produce cyclohexene as can be seen in the mass spectra which indicates that the product obtained by the group had an 81.9265 molecular weight which is relatively close to the theoretical molecular weight of cyclohexene which is 82. The group was able to perform all of the objectives for this experiment which are to synthesize cyclohexene from cyclohexanol and obtain a mass spectra of the product via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In conclusion, the synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol can be done in many ways and distillation is one of its examples. chemguide.co.uk. Mass Spectra: The Molecular ion M+ Peak. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/masspec/mplus.html (accessed June 20, 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6q-M5V9roL0 (accessed June 20, 2014) Chem.ucla.edu. Mass Spectrometry. [Online] n.d, http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/notes/notes_14C_MS.pdf (accessed June 20, 2014) â€Å"I hereby certify that I have given a substantial contribution to this report and I did not copy and/or quote from any resource material unless being cited as reference. I am make known that failure to accomplish the second clause would eb grounds for plagiarism and a failing grade for my final laboratory report.† Halili, Johanna Bernadette C. 11332654 Fig 1: Mass Spectrum of cyclohexene distillate Page 1 of 4 Experiment #1: Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol

The Population Growth Rate In India Essays -- essays research papers

The Population Growth Rate in India For many years concern has been voiced over the seemingly unchecked rate of population growth in India, but the most recent indications are that some success is being achieved in slowing the rate of population growth. The progress which has been achieved to date is still only of a modest nature and should not serve as premature cause for complacency. Moreover, a slowing of the rate of population growth is not incompatible with a dangerous population increase in a country like India which has so huge a population base to begin with. Nevertheless, the most recent signs do offer some occasion for adopting a certain degree of cautious optimism in regard to the problem. One important factor which is responsible for viewing the future with more optimism than may previously have been the case has been the increase in the size of the middle class, a tendency which has been promoted by the current tendency to ease restrictions on entrepreneurship and private investment. It is a well-known fact that as persons become more prosperous and better educated they begin to undertake measures designed to eliminate the size of their families. (The obvious exception would be families like the Kennedys who adhere to religious strictures against artificial birth control, but the major Indian religions have traditionally lacked such strictures.) Ironically, the state of Kerala which had long had a Communist-led government had for many years represented a population planning model because of its implementation of programs fostering education and the emancipation of women. The success of such programs has indicated that even the poorer classes can be induced to think in terms of population control and family planning through education, but increased affluence correspondingly increases the pressure for the limitation of family size, for parents who enjoy good life want to pass it on to their children under circumstances where there will be enough to go around. In contrast, under conditions of severe impoverishment there is not only likely to be lack of knowledge of family planning or access to modes of birth control, but children themselves are likely to be viewed as an asset. Or, perhaps one might more accurately say with regard to India, sons are viewed as an asset. We will have more ... ...spread acceptance considerably more progress needs to be made in raising the standard of living of the Indian masses for "although the wealthier, better-educated urban families do curtail their fertility, the poor have not had the means or motivation to do so." "Most important, perhaps," writes John Cool, is the fact that thousands of years of Indian experience have shaped cultural values and social institutions, which encourage the survival of the family and the community through high fertility. Modernization is slowly changing this situation, but to insure success considerably more progress needs to be made. Bibliography Chandrasekhar, S. Abortion in a Crowded World: The problem of abortion with special reference to India (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974). Franda, Marcus F. (ed.). Response to Population Growth in India: Changes in Social, Political, and Economic Behavior (New Yew: Praeger, 1975) Bahnisikha. The Indian Population Problem: A Household economics Approach (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990) Mandelbaum, David G. Human Fertility in India: Social Components and Policy Perspectives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974).

Presentation About Procter and Gamble Essay

Procter & Gamble (P&G) is an American multinational consumer goods company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Its products include foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products.[2] In 2011, P&G recorded $82.6 billion dollars in sales. Fortune magazine ranked P&G at fifth place of the â€Å"World’s Most Admired Companies† list, which was up from sixth place in 2010.[3] Procter & Gamble is the only Fortune 500 company to  issue C Share common stock.[citation needed] Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Operations * 2.1 Management and staff * 2.2 Brands * 2.3 Productions * 3 Controversies * 3.1 Price fixing * 3.2 Toxic shock syndrome and tampons * 3.3 Animal testing * 3.4 Other products * 3.5 Logo controversy * 4 Notes * 5 External links| ————————————————- [edit]History William Procter, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a soapmaker, emigrated from England and Ireland respectively. They settled in Cincinnati initially and met when they married sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris.[4] Alexander Norris, their father-in-law, called a meeting in which he persuaded his new sons-in-law to become business partners. On October 31, 1837, as a result of the suggestion, Procter & Gamble was created. In 1858–1859, sales reached $1 million. By this point, approximately 80 employees worked for Procter & Gamble. During the American Civil War, the company won contracts to supply the Union Army with soap and candles. In addition to the increased profits experienced during the war, the military contracts introduced soldiers from all over the country to Procter & Gamble’s products. In the 1880s, Procter & Gamble began to market a new product, an inexpensive soap that floats in water. The company called the soap Ivory. William Arnett Procter, William Procter’s grandson, began a profit-sharing program for the company’s workforce in 1887. By giving the workers a stake in the company, he correctly assumed that they would be less likely to go on strike. The company began to build factories in other locations in the United States because the demand for products had outgrown the capacity of the Cincinnati facilities. The company’s leaders began to diversify its products as well and, in 1911, began producing Crisco, a shortening made of vegetable oils rather than animal fats. As radio became more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, the company sponsored a number of radio programs. A s a result, these shows often became commonly known as â€Å"soap operas.† Procter & Gamble headquarters in DowntownCincinnati, Ohio The company moved into other countries, both in terms of manufacturing and product sales, becoming an international corporation with its 1930  acquisition of the Thomas Hedley Co., based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Procter & Gamble maintained a strong link to the North East of England after this acquisition. Numerous new products and brand names were introduced over time, and Procter & Gamble began branching out into new areas. The company introduced Tidelaundry detergent in 1946 and Prell shampoo in 1947. In 1955, Procter & Gamble began selling the first toothpaste to contain fluoride, known as Crest. Branching out once again in 1957, the company purchased Charmin Paper Mills and began manufacturing toilet paper and other paper products. Once again focusing on laundry, Procter & Gamble began making Downy fabric softener in 1960 and Bounce fabric softener sheets in 1972. One of the most revolutionary products to come out on the market was the company’s Pampers, first te st-marketed in 1961. Prior to this point disposable diapers were not popular, althoughJohnson & Johnson had developed a product called Chux. Babies always wore cloth diapers, which were leaky and labor intensive to wash. Pampers provided a convenient alternative, albeit at the environmental cost of more waste requiring landfilling. Procter & Gamble acquired a number of other companies that diversified its product line and significantly increased profits. These acquisitions included Folgers Coffee, Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals (the makers of Pepto-Bismol), Richardson-Vicks, Noxell (Noxzema), Shulton’s Old Spice, Max Factor, and the IamsCompany, among others. In 1994, the company made headlines for big losses resulting from leveraged positions in interest rate derivatives, and subsequently sued Bankers Trust for fraud; this placed their management in the unusual position of testifying in court that they had entered into transactions that they were not capable of understanding. In 1996, Procter & Gamble again made headlines when the Food and Drug Administration approved a new product developed by the company, Olestra. Also known by its brand name ‘Olean’, Olestra is a lower-calorie substitute for fat in cooking potato chips and other snacks. Procter & Gamble has dramatically expanded throughout its history, but its headquarters still remains in Cincinnati. In January 2005 P&G announced an acquisition of Gillette, forming the largest consumer goods company and placing Unilever into second place. This added brands such as Gillette razors,Duracell, Braun, and Oral-B to their stable. The acquisition was approved by the European Union and the Federal Trade Commission, with  conditions to a spinoff of certain overlapping brands. P&G agreed to sell its SpinBrush battery-operated electric toothbrush business to Church & Dwight. It also divested Gillette’s oral-care toothpaste line, Rembrandt. The deodorant brands Right Guard, Soft & Dri, and Dry Idea were sold to Dial Corporation.[5] The companies officially merged on October 1, 2005. Liquid Paper, and Gillette’s stationery division, Paper Mate were sold toNewell Rubbermaid. In 2008, P&G branched into the record business with its sponsorship of Tag Records, as an endorsement for TAG Body Spray.[6] P&G’s dominance in many categories of consumer products makes its brand management decisions worthy of study.[7] For example, P&G’s corporate strategists must account for the likelihood of one of their products cannibalizing the sales of another.[8] On August 24, 2009, the Ireland-based pharmaceutical company Warner Chilcott announced they had bought P&G’s prescription-drug business for $3.1 billion.[9] P&G exited the food business in 2012 when it sold its Pringles snack food business to Kellogg’s. The company had previously sold Jif peanut butter and Folgers coffee in separate transactions toSmucker’s. Procter and Gamble is a tier one sponsor of the London’s Olympic Games 2012 and sponsors 150 Athletes. ——————————————†”—- [edit]Operations As of July 1, 2011, the company structure is categorized into two â€Å"Global Business Units† with each one further divided into â€Å"Business Segments† according to the company’s 2011 Annual Report. Dimitri Panayotopoulos is Vice Chairman of Global Business Units[10] * Beauty segment * Grooming segment * Health Care segment * Snacks & Pet Care segment * Fabric Care & Home Care segment * Baby Care & Family Home Care segment [edit]Management and staff The board of directors of Procter & Gamble currently has eleven members: Robert A. McDonald, Angela Braly, Meg Whitman, Johnathan A. Rodgers, Ernesto Zedillo, Scott Cake, Patricia A. Woertz, Susan D. Desmond-Hellmann, Maggie Wilderotter, W. James McNerney, Jr. and Kenneth Chenault.[11] In March 2011 Rajat Gupta resigned from the board after a SEC accusation ofGalleon Group insider trading.[12] In October 2008, P&G was named one of â€Å"Canada’s Top 100 Employers† by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean’s newsmagazine. Later that month, P&G was also named one ofGreater Toronto’s Top Employers, which was announced by the Toronto Star newspaper.[13] In May 2011 Fortune editor-at-large Patricia Sellers praised P&G’s board diversity, as five of the company’s eleven current directors are female and have all been on Fortune’s annual Most Powerful Women list.[14] Procter & Gamble is a member of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, a Washington, D.C.-based coalition of over 400 major companies and NGOs that advocates for a larger International Affairs Budget, which funds American diplomatic and development efforts abroad.[15 ] [edit]Brands Main article: List of Procter & Gamble brands 26 of P&G’s brands have more than a billion dollars in net annual sales, according to the 2011 Annual Report and P&G Corporate Newsroom. Leadership Brands * Ace is a brand of laundry detergent/liquid available in numerous forms and scents. * Always is a brand of feminine care products. * Ariel is a brand of laundry detergent/liquid available in numerous forms and scents. * Bold is a brand of laundry detergent/liquid. * Bounce is a brand of laundry products sold in the United States and Canada. * Bounty is a brand of paper towel sold in the United States and Canada. * Braun is a small-appliances manufacturer specializing in electric shavers, epilators, hair care appliances and blenders. * Cascade is a brand of dishwashing products. * Charmin is a brand of toilet paper sold in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. * CoverGirl is a brand of women’s cosmetics. * Crest/Oral B is a brand of toothpaste and teeth-whitening products. * Dash is a brand of laundry detergent/liquid. * Dawn/Fairy is a brand of dishwashing detergent.[16] * Dolce & Gabbana is an Italian fashion house. * Downy/Lenor is a brand of fabric softener. * Duracell is a brand of batteries and flashlights. * Eukanuba is a brand of pet food. * Febreze/Ambi Pur is a brand of air fresheners. * Fixodent is a brand of air denture adhesives. * Fusion is a brand of men’s wet shave razors. * Gain is a brand of laundry detergent, fabric softeners and liquid dish soap. * Gillette is a brand of safety razor and male grooming products. * Head & Shoulders is a brand of anti-dandruff shampoo and conditioners. * Herbal Essences is a brand of shampoo and conditioners. * Hugo Boss is a brand of fine fragrances. * Iams is a brand of pet food. * Luvs is a brand of baby diapers. * Mach3 is a brand of safety razor and male grooming products. * Max Factor is a brand of women’s cosmetics. * Mister Clean is a brand of multi-purpose cleaner sold in the United States, Canada and Great Britain. * Olay is a brand of women’s skin care products. * Old Spice is a brand of men’s grooming products. * Oral-B is a brand of toothbrush, and oral care products. * Pampers is a brand of disposable diaper and other baby care products. * Pantene is a brand of hair care products (conditioners/styling aids). * Prestobarba/Blue is a brand of safety razor and male grooming products. * Prilosec is an over-the-counter drug. * Puffs is a brand of facial tissue. * Rejoice/Pert is a brand of hair care products (conditioners/styling aids). * Safeguard is a brand of soaps. * Secret is a female anti-perspirant brand. * SK-II is a brand of women’s and men’s skin care products. * Swiffer is a brand of house-cleaning products. * Tampax is a brand of feminine care products. * Tide is a brand of laundry detergent. * Venus is a brand female hair-removal products. * Vicks is an over the counter medication. * Wella is a brand name of hair care products (shampoo, conditioner, styling, hair color). Most of these brands—including Bounty, Crest and Tide—are global products available on several continents. Procter & Gamble products are available in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Manufacturing operations are based in the following regions: * United States * Canada * Philippines * Mexico * Latin America | * Europe * China (31 wholly owned factories) and other parts of Asia * Africa * Australia| [edit]Productions The P&G production early 1985 to 2007logo used from Procter & Gamble produced and sponsored the first radio soap operas in the 1930s (Procter & Gamble’s being known for detergents—soaps—was the genesis of the term â€Å"soap opera†)[citation needed]. When the medium switched to television in the 1950s and 1960s, most of the new serials were sponsored and produced by the company. The serial The Young and the Restless is currently broadcast on CBS and is still partially sponsored by Procter & Gamble. When As the World Turns left the air on September 17, 2010, The Young and the Restless, became the only soap left that is partially sponsored by Procter & Gamble. These past serials were produced by Procter & Gamble: * Another World * As the World Turns * The Brighter Day * The Catlins * The Edge of Night * The First Hundred Years * From These Roots| * Guiding Light * Lovers and Friends / For Richer, for Poorer * Our Private World * Search for Tomorrow * Somerset * Texas * Young Doctor Malone| Procter & Gamble also was the first company to produce and sponsor a prime-time show, a 1965 spinoff of the daytime soap opera As the World Turns called Our Private World. In 1979, PGP produced Shirley, a prime-time NBC series starring Shirley Jones which lasted thirteen episodes. They also produced TBS’ first original comedy series, Down to Earth, which ran from 1984 to 1987 (110 episodes were produced). They also distributed the syndicated comedy series Throb. Procter & Gamble Productions originally co-produced Dawson’s Creek with Sony Pictures Television but withdrew before the series premiere due to early  press reviews. It also produced the 1991 TV movie A Triumph of the Heart: The Ricky Bell Story, which was co-produced by The Landsburg Company. It also produces the People’s Choice Awards. In addition to self-produced items, Procter & Gamble also supports many Spanish-language novellas through advertising on networks such as Univision, Telemundo, Telefutura, and Azteca America. Procter & Gamble was one of the first mainstream advertisers on Spanish-language TV during the mid-1980s.[citation needed] In 2000, the company’s self care BeingGirl website was launched.[17] In 2008, P&G expanded into music sponsorship when it joined Island Def Jam to create Tag Records, named after a body spray that P&G acquired from Gillette. In April 2010, after the cancellation of As the World Turns, PGP announced they were officially phasing out of the soap industry, and expanding into more family appropriate programming.[18][19] Procter & Gamble also gave a $100,000 contract to the winners of Cycle 1 through 3 of Canada’s Next Top Model, wherein Andrea Muizelaar, Rebecca Hardy and Meaghan Waller won the prize. ————————————————- [edit]Controversies [edit]Price fixing In April 2011, P&G was fined 211.2m euros by the European Commission for establishing a price-fixing cartel in Europe along with Unilever, who was fined 104m euros, and Henkel (not fined). Though the fine was set higher at first, it was discounted by 10% after P&G and Unilever admitted running the cartel. As the provider of the tip-off leading to investigations, Henkel was not fined.[20] [edit]Toxic shock syndrome and tampons Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a disease caused by strains of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Most people have these bacteria living in their bodies as harmless commensals in places such as the nose, skin, and vagina. The disease can strike anyone, not only women, but the disease is often associated with tampons. In 1980, 814 menstrual-related TSS cases were reported; 38 deaths resulted from the disease. The majority of women in these cases were documented as using super-absorbent synthetic tampons, particularly the Rely tampon created by Procter & Gamble.[21] The Rely tampon was so super-absorbent that one by itself could in fact hold one  woman’s entire menstrual period flow. Unlike other tampons made of cotton and rayon, Rely used carboxymethylcellulose and compressed beads of polyester for absorption. In the summer of 1980 the Centers for Disease Control released a report explaining how these bacterial mechanisms were leading to TSS. They also stated that the Rely tampon was associated with TSS more than any other brand of tampon. In September 1980, Procter & Gamble voluntarily recalled its Rely brand of tampons from the market and agreed to provide for a program to notify consumers. Since the 1980s, reported cases of TSS have dramatically decreased.[22] [edit]Animal testing On June 30, 1999, Procter & Gamble announced that it would limit its animal testing practices to its food and drug products which represents roughly 80% of its product portfolio.[23] The company invested more than $275 million in the development of alternative testing methods.[24] Procter & Gamble has received criticism from animal advocacy group PETA for the practice of testing on animals.[25] [edit]Other products In December 2005, the Pharmaceutical division of P&G was involved in a dispute over research involving its osteoporosis drug Actonel. The case was discussed in the media.[26] In October 2007, a class action lawsuit was filed in the State of Georgia alleging that many users of Crest Pro-Health mouthwash, with the active ingredient Cetylpyridinium chloride, suffered stained teeth and loss of their sense of taste as a result.[27] Procter & Gamble contends that these side effects occur in only three percent of users.[27] The suit seeks to include disclosure warning users of these side effects on product packaging. [edit]Logo controversy Former P&G logo P&G’s former logo originated in 1851 as a crude cross that barge workers on the Ohio River painted on cases of P&G star candles to identify them. P&G later changed this symbol into a trademark that showed a man in the moon overlooking 13 stars, said to commemorate the original 13 colonies.[28] The company received unwanted media publicity in the 1980s when rumors spread that the moon-and-stars logo was a satanic symbol. The accusation was based on a particular passage in the Bible, specifically Revelation 12:1, which  states: â€Å"And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a womanclothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of 12 stars.† P&G’s logo consisted of a man’s face on the moon surrounded by 13 stars, and some claimed that the logo was a mockery of the heavenly symbol alluded to in the aforementioned verse, thus construing the logo to be satanic. Where the flowing beard meets the surrounding circle, three curls were said to be a mirror image of the number 666, or the reflected number of the beast. At the top and bottom, the hair curls in on itself, and was said to be the two horns like those of a ram. These interpretations have been denied by company officials, and no evidence linking the company to the Church of Satan or any other occult organization has ever been presented. The company unsuccessfully sued Amway from 1995 to 2003 over rumors forwarded through a company voicemail system in 1995. In 2011 the company successfully sued individual Amway distributors for reviving and propagating the false rumors.[29] The moon-and-stars logo was discontinued in 1985 as a result of the controversy.[30] ————————————————- [edit]Notes 1. ^ a b c d e f â€Å"2011 Earnings Report, The Procter & Gamble Company†. The Procter & Gamble Company. Retrieved May 6, 2012. 2. ^ â€Å"Procter & Gamble board meets amid CEO reports†.Boston Herald. Associated Press. June 9, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 3. ^ â€Å"P&G Ranks 5th Overall, 1st in Our Industry and a â€Å"Green Star† Among Fortune Magazine’s World’s Most Admired Companies† (Press release). Procter & Gamble. March 3, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 4. ^ Dyer, Davis; Dalzell, Frederick; Olegario, Rowena (2004).Rising Tide: Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 1-59139-147-4. 5. ^ Wherrity, Constance (February 21, 2006). â€Å"Dial Agrees to Buy P&G Deodorant Brands†. Pierce Mattie Public Relations New York blog. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 6. ^ â€Å"P&G Must Proceed With Caution†. Marketing Doctor Blog. July 10, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 7. ^ â€Å"How To Lea rn From GE and P&G When The World Is About To Change†. Marketing Doctor Blog. June 6, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 8. ^ Horstman, Barry M (October 11, 2005). â€Å"John G. Hankus: He rebuilt P&G – and city, too†. The Cincinnati  Post. Archived from the original on April 5, 2005. 9. ^ Cordieiro, Anjali; Loftus, Peter (August 25, 2009). â€Å"Warner Chilcott to pay $3.1 for P&G’s drug business†. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 10. ^ â€Å"Dimitri Panayotopoulos: Vice chairman†. Pg.com. Retrieved February 15, 2012. 11. ^ â€Å"Board Composition: business leaders, law, American Express†. Pg.com. Retrieved February 15, 2012. 12. ^ â€Å"P&G Views | P&G News | Events, Multimedia, Public Relations† (Press release). Pg.com. December 31, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2012. 13. ^ â€Å"Reasons for Selection, 2009 Canada’s Top 100 Employers Competition†. 14. ^ Sellers, Patricia (May 5, 2011). â€Å"P&G rates an â€Å"A† for board diversity†. CNN Money. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 15. ^ â€Å"U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, Global Trust members†. Usglc.org. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 16. ^ â€Å"Dawn†. Dawn-dish.com. R etrieved May 5, 2012. 17. ^ â€Å"Dancing tampons†. Wired. July 26, 2000. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 18. ^ Levine, Robert (July 7, 2008). â€Å"It’s American Brandstand: Marketers Underwrite Performers†. New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 19. ^ â€Å"P&G Must Proceed With Caution†. Marketing Doctor Blog. July 10, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 20. ^ â€Å"Unilever and Procter & Gamble in price fixing fine†. BBC News. April 13, 2011. 21. ^ Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David (December 31, 2005 December 31). â€Å"Tampax Pearl†. Snopes.com. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 22. ^ Mcpherson, Marianne (March 2005). â€Å"Sexual Anatomy, Reproduction, and the Menstrual Cycle†. Boston Women’s Health Book Collective. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 23. ^ Canedy, Dana (July 1, 1999). â€Å"P.& G. to End Animal Tests For Most Consumer Goods†. The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 24. ^ â€Å"Animal Welfare and Alternatives†. Procter & Gamble. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 25. ^ Liddick, Don (2006). Eco-terrorism: radical environmental and animal liberation movements. Praeger Publishers.ISBN 978-0-275-98535-6. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 26. ^ â€Å"Collated Media Reports†. Thejabberwock.org. July 7, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 27. ^ a b â€Å"In The Superior Court Of Richmond County† (PDF). Retrieved February 15, 2012. 28. ^ â€Å"Procter and Gamble v. Amway 242 F.3d 539†. U.S. Court of Appeals, 5th Circuit. February 14, 2001. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 29. ^ â€Å"Procter & Gamble Wins Satanic Civil Suit†. CBS Money Watch. February 11, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 30. ^ Witt, Howard (April 25, 1985). â€Å"Corporate news: Procter symbol succumbs to devilish rumor†. Chicago Tribune. ————————————————- [edit]External links | Cincinnati portal| | Ohio portal| | Companies portal| | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Procter & Gamble| * Official website [show] * v * t * eProcter & Gamble Co.| | [show] * v * t * eComponents of the Dow Jones Industrial Average| | [show] * v * t * ePharmaceutical companies of the United States| | [show] * v * t * eSelected Royal Warrant holders of the British Royal Family| | View page ratings Rate this page What’s this? 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