Research methods assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategies task - Research Paper Example Mekonnen and Harris (2006) is an exact examination whether â€Å"cause-related† and â€Å"affinity marketing† upgrades the product’s claim and gives item separation (p. 135). Specifically, the examination researched in the case of â€Å"linking a business organisation’s item with a non-benefit association improves the product’s claim and gives separation from rival offers† (Mekonnen and Harris 2006, p. 135). Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 135) verbalized that the reason or point of their examination is to explore the adequacy of the reason of â€Å"affinity marketing†. The exploration goals were not expressly expressed yet it very well may be deduced that, verifiably, the examination targets secured recognizable proof of qualities related with the utilization of proclivity cards and how they influence the probability of gift. 2.0. Writing Review Based on an audit of writing, Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 136) guarantee that â€Å"there are huge holes in understanding purchaser attitudes† towards items being sold by â€Å"cause-related marketing† and â€Å"affinity marketing†. ... 136). Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 135) announced their work as a test to the presumption â€Å"that connecting an item to a non-benefit association improves its allure and gives a premise to differentiation.† For Mekonnen and Harris (2005, p. 135), â€Å"the adequacy of this reason relies upon the kind of cause or liking group.† Unfortunately, be that as it may, the survey of writing of Mekonnen and Harris (2006) doesn't add up to an outline of the â€Å"significant holes in comprehension consumers’ attitude† in the writing. It isn't obvious from the survey of writing what the different investigations have made or the discoveries they have reached on the connection between â€Å"cause-related market marketing† and â€Å"affinity marketing† on one hand and item deals on the other. Maybe there was no exact examination done at all earlier on cause-situated and liking promoting before their investigation however this isn't obvious from the audi t of writing. In any case, in light of the inability to outline what experimental investigations have done or to unequivocally explain in any event that no examination has been done, the audit of writing neglects to recognize decisively or to legitimize correctly the hugeness of the Mekonnen and Harris (2006) attempt in the general writing regarding the matter. The survey of writing portrayed that cause-situated promoting has been customarily described as being centered around momentary crusade activities (Mekonnen and Harris 2006, p. 136). It likewise brought up that the fondness advertising is a sub-set of cause-related promoting (Mekonnen and Harris 2006, p. 136). Be that as it may, refering to crafted by Berger and others in 1999, Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 136) explained that â€Å"affinity showcasing can

Government Censorship Essays - Content-control Software, Free Essays

Government Censorship Essays - Content-control Software, Free Essays Government Censorship Proposal: Government Censorship would harm the climate of the opportunity to communicate thoughts on the Internet; hence, government ought not energize oversight. Presentation I. In the Internet people group, there is an enormous volume of specialized terms. Therefore, it is first important to inspect the wording explicit to Internet. 1.The web is an overall PC arrange. 1.Electronic mail (email), which is one segment of the Internet, approximates individual to individual letters, memoranda, notes and even calls. 2.Another term that is regularly utilized is electronic news (enews/Usenet), enews is a communicate, allowed to the Internet medium. 3.The term FTP is likewise as often as possible utilized. Document move convention (FTP) began as an Web chronicled and recovery medium, fairly closely resembling customary libraries. 4.The internet (WWW), which is another segment of the Net, can be utilized to distribute material that would customarily show up in diaries, magazines, banners, books, TV and even on film. 2.It is additionally basic to give a concise history on the web. 3.The U.S. government is currently attempting to pass bills to forestall abuse of the Net. II. So as to comprehend the requirement for the ever-developing collection of enactment, it is imperative to investigate the discussion, and the present issues associated with the Net as it exists must be presented. 1.The issue that worries a great many people is hostile materials, for example, erotic entertainment. 2.Another urgent web wrongdoing is the taking of Visa numbers. III. One response to this inapplicability has been the Censor the Net methodology (the oversight charge), we are presently to think about its focal points and disservices. 1.First, the significance of Censoring the Net must be clarified. 2.However, numerous specialists have called attention to that administration restriction is beyond the realm of imagination. 1.First, it isn't reasonable for reject the opportunity and harm the climate of uninhibitedly communicating thoughts only for the security of youngsters. 2.Most web clients are making the most of their ability to speak freely on the Net, which is expected to be ensured by our First Amendment. 3.Additionally, just a little segment of the Net contains hostile material, most individuals don't utilize the Net for erotic entertainment. 4.It must be comprehended that blue penciling the Net is in fact inconceivable. 5.While individuals are worried about Internet sex entertainment, it ought to be perceived that erotic entertainment is some of the time lawful; for instance, sex entertainment is legitimate in video and magazines. IV. There are numerous elective measures to government restriction which would forestall abuse of the Net and would have indistinguishable impacts from restriction. 1.It is significant for guardians to give moral direction to their youngsters, and guardians ought to have this duty. 2.However, simultaneously as we do moral direction, we need to come out with a few transient ways to deal with take care of the issue in a progressively proficient manner too. 3.An option in contrast to government restriction is the mechanical fix, which would forestall abuse of the Net and would have indistinguishable impacts from government oversight. 1.One case of mechanical fix is the SurfWatch programming. 2.Also, business Internet specialist organizations, for example, America Online, permit guardians to control what Internet transfer talk (IRC) meetings are accessible to their youngsters. 3.Another mechanical fix is for guardians and gatekeepers to have a different intermediary server for their kids' internet browser. 4.There are no PC projects to naturally and dependably order material; just individuals can do it. Accordingly, while rehearsing mechanical fixes, the characterization of the substance of the material when posting is significant. 5.Nowadays, most web clients arrange their postings with standard classes, and leave marks toward the finish of postings. 6.The blend of the establishment of controlling programming and the arrangement of materials is a vastly improved arrangement than government control. End List of sources The Internet is a magnificent spot of amusement and instruction however like all spots utilized by millions of individuals, it has some dim corners individuals would lean toward kids not to investigate. In the physical world society overall plots to secure youngsters, yet there are no social or physical limitations to Internet surfing. The Internet Censorship Bill of 1995, otherwise called the Exon/Coats Communications Decency Act, has been presented in the U.S. Congress. It would make it a criminal offense to make accessible to kids whatever is disgusting, or to send anything foul with expectation to bother, misuse, undermine, or irritate (Stop the Communications ... n.p.). The objective of this bill as composed (in spite of the fact that not

DTs Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

DTs Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Print What Its Like to Go Through the DTs By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on August 28, 2019 George Doyle/Stockbyte/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Binge Drinking Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Signs & Symptoms Treatments Before You Stop Drinking How to Get Help View All Back To Top People who drink alcohol heavily experience a variety of physical and mental withdrawal symptoms when they cut back or stop drinking. People who stop drinking cold turkey can experience a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. The most severe alcohol withdrawal is called delirium tremens, otherwise known as the DTs. The experience of going through delirium tremens can vary from person to person depending on the duration and frequency of their previous alcohol consumption. Causes Alcohol is a depressant, which means that it slows down the central nervous system. Chronic, heavy alcohol use can create changes in how the brain works, including how the brains chemical messengers function. When alcohol consumption suddenly stops, the brain continues working in the state it has become used to, leading to symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.   Signs and Symptoms DTs typically begin after a person decides to give up alcohol after a binge, period of heavy drinking, or when they realize that they need to quit drinking. While people sometimes go through this process at home, it is also common for people to choose to go through alcohol withdrawal  and detoxification at a medical facility. DTs usually dont begin right away.?? A person who stops drinking will often experience a period of milder alcohol withdrawal symptoms that become increasingly severe. Only about five percent of people going through withdrawal experience DTs. Heavy, long-term alcohol users are more likely to experience delirium tremens during withdrawal. Mild to Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms Early Alcohol Withdrawal Early symptoms of alcohol withdrawal typically begin within the first 8 to 12  hours following a persons last drink.   Early symptoms are often mild and can include: HeadachesNauseaVomitingClammy skinLack of energyTremblingRestlessnessSweatingAnxietyIrritabilityMood swings These early-stage symptoms of withdrawal typically last for between one to three days, although they may last longer for some individuals. Later Withdrawal Symptoms As alcohol withdrawal progresses, people often begin to experience more severe symptoms which may include: HallucinationsChanges in blood pressureBreathing changes or difficultiesSeizures These symptoms may begin around 12 to 24 hours after a person has stopped drinking.?? Such symptoms may also be experienced in addition to the symptoms that characterize early withdrawal. Delirium Tremens (DTs) It is during the later stages of alcohol withdrawal, around 48 to 96 hours after the last alcohol use, that people may experience delirium tremens (DTs).?? However, they may also begin as long as 7 to 10 days after a person quits drinking. Symptoms of the DTs include: DeliriumTremorsDeep sleepFear or excitementFatigue or stuporSeizuresDisorientationRapid mood changesSensitivity to light, sound, and touchChanges in heart rate While going through DTs, people may experience feelings of severe agitation. Feelings of panic or even a sense of impending doom are not uncommon. Some people may also experience changes in heart rate or breathing that are potentially fatal.   Symptoms of DTs typically resolve in a few days, but they are serious and should receive medical attention. If you or someone you know has signs of delirium tremens, contact medical services immediately. Treatments DTs are a medical emergency that requires hospitalization.?? Doctors may conduct a variety of tests including electrocardiograms (ECGs), toxicology screens, blood magnesium levels, metabolic panels, and blood phosphate levels. Treatment is focused first and foremost on saving the individuals life, preventing complications, and minimizing symptoms. Treatment may include the use of benzodiazepines to reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.?? Some of the medications that are used to treat DTs include lorazepam (Ativan) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium).  Such medications may help relieve the anxiety that is associated with severe, acute alcohol withdrawal. Because heavy alcohol use can also result in nutritional deficiencies, doctors may also recommend vitamins and minerals including thiamine, zinc, phosphate, magnesium, and folate.??   With medical treatment, mortality rates for DTs are around five percent. Without appropriate treatment, between 15 to 35 percent of cases may be fatal.?? The most common causes of death for patients with DTs are attributed to cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure.?? Before You Stop Drinking While not everyone who goes through alcohol withdrawal experiences DTs, you should still inform your doctor about your plan to stop drinking. Alcohol withdrawal can be dangerous and potentially fatal, so you should always go through this process under the supervision of a medical professional. The problem is that no one knows until they quit  how severe their withdrawal symptoms will be. If youre a longtime drinker or a heavy drinker  and you plan to quit, consult with your healthcare provider or seek treatment from a professional detoxification facility. How to Get Help If you need help to stop drinking, there are resources available. Support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Al-Anon can provide information and social support as you go through this process. You can even attend meetings online. If you need help to stop drinking, talk to your doctor or contact the SAMHSA national helpline at 1-800-662-4357 to find treatment services in your area. Treatment Options for Alcohol Withdrawal

BIG FIVE PERSONALITY - 895 Words

Big Five Personality Inventory The Big Five Test is a compilation of 70 questioned geared towards â€Å"measuring how accurate or inaccurate the statements pertain to you.†(Wentz) This test is considered to be an objective test measuring certain traits of the individual taking it rather than states. Traits differ from states in the sense that traits are life-long characteristics; meanwhile states are temporary characteristics of an individual. This test was designed to measure the Big Five personality traits, including: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness. When you are listed as being in the higher percentiles for each of these categories, then you†¦show more content†¦I view myself as an agreeable person who is caring and sympathetic towards others. In addition, I put others feeling and well-being in front of mine to insure their happiness. The third category on the personality report is conscientiousness. Conscientiousness is defined as a â€Å"state of being thorough, careful, or vigilant; it implies a desire to do a task well.†(report) People high on the conscientiousness scale are hard workers and seen to be reliable. Me being a perfectionist and always planning ahead of time for everything in my life; I was placed in the 92nd percentile. I have a routine I follow every day along with a well-organized work area and planner. When I am notified of anything required to be done I will insert it into my planner on a certain date with a time and place for it to be accomplished. While being conscientious is great and helps me out greatly it also hampers my life. I can be viewed as a â€Å"compulsive perfectionist†(report) when it comes to certain things. Additionally, I work two jobs and volunteer on campus giving me the label of a â€Å"workaholic†. Emotional stability is the fourth trait of the Big Five personality traits.† Low scores of emotional stability mean that the individual is highly reactive in s ituations, which would not affect most people.† On the other hand, high scores show that a person is more stable, do not get upset as easily, and is relatively calm. I was notShow MoreRelatedBig Five Personality4743 Words   |  19 PagesPERSONALITY The different ways a person reacts to in different situations and interacts with others. Most of the times we measure personality in traits a person displays. Measuring personalities has been done in the past by various people. The Big Five are broad dimensions or categories in a hierarchical sense, such that they encompass a lot without detail. We lose information, and while the Big Five factors provide useful personality descriptors they are somewhat less useful at predicting specificRead MoreThe Personality Assessment Of The Big Five Personality Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality Assessment Introduction I found the test results of the Big Five personality assessment to be an interesting and very accurate description of myself. After completing this assessment, I was able to analyze my personality in depth. I found this information to be helpful knowledge and provide insight about myself, as well as being crucial in examining my personality traits. The big five is also referred to the OCEAN model of personality, and stands for the main traits used to describe personalitiesRead MorePersonality Traits Of The Big Five915 Words   |  4 PagesAs we all know, humans come in all shapes, sizes, and personalities. A big part of being an adult is entering the work field and finding a career. That’s where the â€Å"Big five† personality traits come in. The five traits that most employers base their tests off of are; neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. So the next time you take a pretest for employment would these would be good to keep in mind. Especially when determining if you’re a good fit forRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Traits867 Words   |  4 Pages Of the Big Five personality traits, I scored highest on neuroticism. I compared myself to my friend. My friend scored highest on extraversion. I scored lowest on extraversion, whereas my friend scored lowest on agreeableness. I was somewhat surprised at my results that my friend received. However, I was not surprised by my results. I am a typically anxious person, so I knew I would probably score high on neuroticism. However, I thought my friend would score higher on agreeableness. I don’t agreeRead MoreBig Five Personality Factors1676 Words   |  7 Pages‘’Big Five’’ Personality Factors Personality is made up of the characteristic frameworks of opinions, emotions, and demeanors that make a person distinctive. A variety of diverse concepts have arose to describe different aspects of personality. Some ideas concentrate on clarifying how personality cultivates, while others are concerned with specific variances in personality. There are four main components of personality: consistency, psychological/physiological, behaviors/actions, and multiple expressionsRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Traits1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe Big Five Personality Traits Kelly Wilson Benedictine University Organizational Behavior MGT 320-D2A5 Teresa Pavone November 06, 2015 The Big Five Personality Traits Personality traits reflect people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Motivation is a factor that is highly dependent upon personality and because of this, managers must be able to recognize and respond to the different traits. Personality has been studied extensively throughout the years andRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Constructs1654 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality theories, or models, are metaphors for describing something which is intrinsically indescribable, the human personality. Currently, one of the most popular approaches among psychologists for studying personality theory is the Five-Factor Model (FFM) or Big Five dimensions of personality. This essay will explore the Big Five personality constructs and seek to explain how useful they are to understanding how people are likely to perform in a work situation. In conclusion, this essayRead MoreThe Big Five Dimensions Of Personality1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe Big Five Dimensions of Personality Today, many researchers consider that they are five core personality traits. Evidence of this theory has been growing over the past 50 years, beginning with the research of D. W. Fiske (1949) and later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae Costa (1987). The big five are broad categories of personality traits. While there is a major body of literature supporting this five-factor model of personalityRead MoreThe Big Five Dimensions Of Personality1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Big Five Dimensions of Personality 11695795 Oklahoma State University The Big Five Dimensions of Personality The Big Five Dimensions of Personality are five dimensions of personality that depict personality traits in humans. The dimensions are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The Big Five Dimensions of Personality are used in favor of other models because of the eradication of overlapping traits. This particular model shows regularity inRead MoreBig Five Personality Traits808 Words   |  4 PagesBig five model †¢ Lewis goldberg proposed a five dimension personality model , nicknamed the big five /five factor theory. †¢ The Big Five model is a comprehensive, empirical, data-driven research finding. †¢ In psychology, the Big Five factors (Five Factor Model) of personality are five broad domains or dimensions of personality which are used to describe human personality. Big five factors are †¢ Factor I: Extraversion. †¢ Factor II: Agreeableness. †¢ Factor III:

The Last Colony Of Roanoke - 1639 Words

The Last Colony of Roanoke Five hundred years ago, European explorers landed in North America. After trying to locate a new route to Asia across the Atlantic Ocean, they found a continent they did not know existed. Three different groups traveled to the New World, starting in 1584 (Basu, Tanya). The last group included Gov. John White, he had to return to England to submit his report to the Queen. John White tried several times to return to Virginia, but it wasn’t until a few years later he was finally able to return to his new home. In 1584, when White was finally able to return, the land was barren and deserted of people. This baffling revelation began one of the greatest mysteries of all time. Three different groups traveled to the New†¦show more content†¦Raleigh sent out two small troops lead by Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to scout out a new inhabitable area (Horn, James). They arrived on the outer banks a few months later in August, 1585 (Carpenter, Jeannine). They were the first English explorers to set eyes on North Carolina (The Lost Colony). Within days after Lanes return to Roanoke Island from Weapemeoc, he wrote historian and geographer Richard Hakluyt that they had: â€Å"discovered the mainland to be the goodliest soil under the cope of heaven, so abounding with sweet trees, that bring such sundry rich and most pleasant gummes, grapes of such greatness, yet wild, as France, Spain nor Italy hath no greater† (Carpenter, Jeannine). One of the islands they persuade looked like a perfect island to settle. In another letter he sent to Sir Francis Walsingham, secretary to Queen Elizabeth, Lane seems to have enclosed a crude map, its legends reveali ng a â€Å"great store of fish† and â€Å"great red grapes very pleasant† there (Carpenter, Jeannine). This island was Roanoke, ten miles long and two and a half miles wide. These were all reasons why the Roanoke colonists would have been able to establish a long term residence there. They returned to England a year later with two Natives, Manteo and Wanchese (The Lost Colony). With them they brought back plentiful information about the new lands they discovered. Among the information

On Making Friends Free Essays

As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend, for life without friends will be a lonely voyage in the vast dark sea or one in the barren desert. Traly, a friend gives out light and warmth like a lamp. For this reason, I have always felt it a blessing if a friend comes to console me in my sadness, cheer me up in my low spirits, or heartedly share with me my happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on On Making Friends or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is wonderful, too, to feel that someone is standing by me and ready to provide help and encouragement in my pursuit of a noble and glorious cause. For millions of years, people have heaped beautiful verses and essays upon friendship. Yet, they, too, have mercilessly accused false friendship, for there are always some mean characters who approach you and act as dear friends when you are wealthy or influential, but desert or even betray you the instant you come down in the world or are entrapped by unfortunate things. Therefore, people all attach great importance to the recognition of true friendship. And a faithful friend is considered even more precious than a priceless pearl or a precious stone. The old saying â€Å"A friend in need is a friend indeed† has become the teaching and standard for true friends. Still, it is natural that different people observe different principles in making friends. Some view it important to make friends with whom they may share similar interests or hobbies with. Others are liable to befriend VIPs so as to gain some favors or privileges. And I am of those who think very little of similarity or position or power. So long as a person has a heart of gold, being warm-hearted, selfless, honest, open-minded, but not brutal, cold, shortsighted nor narrow~minded, I am willing to make friends with him or her, give my due support and help, and remain faithful to him or her all my life. How to cite On Making Friends, Papers On Making Friends Free Essays As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend, for life without friends will be a lonely voyage in the vast dark sea or one in the barren desert. Traly, a friend gives out light and warmth like a lamp. For this reason, I have always felt it a blessing if a friend comes to console me in my sadness, cheer me up in my low spirits, or heartedly share with me my happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on On Making Friends or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is wonderful, too, to feel that someone is standing by me and ready to provide help and encouragement in my pursuit of a noble and glorious cause. For millions of years, people have heaped beautiful verses and essays upon friendship. Yet, they, too, have mercilessly accused false friendship, for there are always some mean characters who approach you and act as dear friends when you are wealthy or influential, but desert or even betray you the instant you come down in the world or are entrapped by unfortunate things. Therefore, people all attach great importance to the recognition of true friendship. And a faithful friend is considered even more precious than a priceless pearl or a precious stone. The old saying â€Å"A friend in need is a friend indeed† has become the teaching and standard for true friends. Still, it is natural that different people observe different principles in making friends. Some view it important to make friends with whom they may share similar interests or hobbies with. Others are liable to befriend VIPs so as to gain some favors or privileges. And I am of those who think very little of similarity or position or power. So long as a person has a heart of gold, being warm-hearted, selfless, honest, open-minded, but not brutal, cold, shortsighted nor narrow~minded, I am willing to make friends with him or her, give my due support and help, and remain faithful to him or her all my life. How to cite On Making Friends, Papers

Operant Theory Application In Class Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operant Theory Application In Class. Answer: Introduction Operant conditioning is a learning process in which behaviour is controlled by consequences. The process uses four key concepts, which are positive and negative reinforcement, as well as positive and negative punishment. Through these, a teacher can be able to create the conditions conducive for learning. At the same time, the teacher is able to identify the conditions under which the students will be most responsive to the learning process (Henton Iversen, 2012). Operant conditioning involves three concepts punishers, reinforcers and neutral operants. Regardless of their absence or presence, the subject does not alter their behaviour. Reinforcers are referred to as responses from the environment which increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated. Reinforcers can be negative or positive. On the other hand, punishers are those responses whose occurrence decreases the probability of a behaviour recurring. Punishers are meant to weaken the specific behaviour being targeted. Positive reinforcement means that positive behaviour is rewarded with something positive. For instance, a teacher may try to compliment students who give the right answers in class by asking other to clap for them or complimenting them. The teacher may also organize kinds of presents for student behaviour that could be encouraged, such as participation, punctuality among others. Negative reinforcement on the other hand means that negative behaviour attracts a derivation of something desirable. For instance, students can be asked to hand in their assignment early, to avoid receiving a Fail grade in their coursework. Similarly, the teacher may consider not using long hours to cover coursework if students pass a special test which gauges their understanding of coursework (Coon Mitterer, 2010). Positive punishment decreases behaviour. A student who has misbehaves may be punished by being placed in detention after class. At the same time, students who do not study for their class work receive a bad grade, which means that they spend more time than others in covering work done, and improving their grasp of the subject. Negative punishment works to remove something pleasant in addition to working to decrease target behaviour. For going to school late, a student may be deprived of their break-time. They may also be required to stay on after school to make up for lost time, but also as a form of punishment. Students who misbehave in class may be punished by having their positions in trips being close to them (Ernst, Daniele Frantz, 2011). Range of behaviours in the classroom typically displayed by this age group In this age group, the students are increasingly independent. They are yearning for independence. This means that they may sometimes not always respond positively to figures of authority in their lives, including their teachers and parents. The said behaviour is experienced by Jane. She faces students who are unresponsive in class. They have a pronounced apathy towards learning, clearly preferring to be in other places instead. The said students are usually bound to avoid answering questions in front of their peers. This is mainly due to their need for acceptance from their peers. They want to appear as though they are part of the group. As a show of resistance to authority, the class may have subconsciously become defiant to the teacher. As such, giving any quarter such as participating in class discussions or completing assigned homework will be felt by the individual students as a betrayal of their peers (Law, Siu Shek, 2012). At this stage, students are becoming more knowledgeable about the world they live in. They want to be accorded respect, and treated as adults. They are on the throes of adolescence, where profound behavioural and physical changes will occur. They are therefore in many ways confused about how they should respond to situations which were in many cases easy to resolve and be decisive about. The teacher therefore needs to understand the background of the students, so that they can better respond to them, and fulfil their needs as far as school is concerned, while being important figures in their new journey to adulthood through adolescence (Guerra Silva, 2010). Application of Operant Conditioning According to Skinner, the theorist behind operant conditioning, education should be done in a way which makes it enjoyable even as it tries to pass on a message. For instance, the student needs to participate in class work if they are to have any form of enjoyment in the class, or even to properly learn. To do this, the teacher must apply a set of incentives in order to increase classroom participation, and pique the interest of the students in the coursework (Fryling, Johnston Hayes, 2011). To encourage students to be more responsive in class, the teacher should encourage them using positive reinforcement. For instance, answering the question properly in class should be congratulated by the teacher in front of their peers. This will make the student feel more confident, and improve his relationship with the teacher. At the same time, the students will have learnt about the kind of behaviour that the teacher expects from them in future. The teacher should also make participation a key part of the students grades. Group assignments during class time should be set regularly. The level of participation in these assignments should be assessed, with the teachers knowing full well that their participation will be important in determining their final grade in the course (Hewage, 2007). Negative reinforcement can also be used to help students meet the expectations of the teacher. For instance, students who do not complete their assignments on time understand that this will have a bearing on their final exam. The more assignments they fail to deliver on time, the less their scores will be. This will be communicated to other interested parties such as the childrens parents. With such collaboration in place, it should be possible to push the students to become keener to complete their assignments (Lineros Hinojosa, 2012). Students should also be subject to negative reinforcement to encourage them to participate in the above described group assignments carried out during class time. The groups should be required to show the participation of each student. They should be required to complete the assignment and present it within class time, with each member of the group being required to play an active role in this. Failure to do so should be met with negative reinforcement. Those who do not finish on time should not go for normal breaks until they are done. Students who fail to participate properly in discussions should be made to understand that their lack of participation negatively affects the final score at the end of the term (Lineros Hinojosa, 2012). Operant conditioning also involves positive punishment. This should be done especially in the ability to complete homework and assignments. After class, those unable to complete their homework for the previous meeting should be required to sit in class and do the work before they are released. This will discourage them from repeating the issue in future, as they will have lost time they could have been using to play. The teacher needs to understand that students will often fail to do homework. They may detest the time they have to spend doing it, under minimum supervision, while they could instead by playing with their peers (Lineros Hinojosa, 2012). The strengths and weakness of Operant Conditioning The operant theory has several advantages over other theories in bringing about the desired behaviour above. Among these advantages is its focus on motivation. Skinner believed in modelling behaviour so that the individual could know what is acceptable to the teacher. The reinforcement is also expected to outlast the engagement with the teacher and even the curse. The operant behaviour also serves to teach the student about the realty. This is in relation to the fact that positive action leads to positive results, and vice versa (Byiers et al, 2014). The theory is easy to administer. For instance, the inability to complete the desired coursework leads to a low grade at the end of the term. This is something which the teacher can administer easily, and something which the student can readily understand. At the same time, there are other variants. Of the students are not keen on answering questions in front of their peers, they can do so within groups in which they feel freer and more able o express themselves. The theory also has weaknesses which may at times inhibit its ability to be effective. According to skinner, there can only be good or bad behaviour. There is nothing in between. The reality is markedly different. This mean that the teacher may be unable to respond to situations in which student behaviour is neither good nor bad using operant theory (Sullivan, 2014). Positive and negative reinforcement may not always work to bring about the required behaviour. For instance, congratulating students in front of their peers may not be enough to improve the level of participation from the students. In other times when the reinforcement can no longer be given out, it becomes impossible for the student to continue the behaviour. For instance, if something makes it impossible to attach class discussions to the final score, students are less likely to continue with the behaviour in question (Lattal Lattal, 2012). While Banduras social learning theory is able to make explanations about aggressive behaviour even in the presence of direct aggressive behaviour, Skinners theory is not able to do this. This is a major weakness since it cannot be used to address issues involving vicarious learning. Other theories also help explain differences between aggressive and non aggressive behaviour. The theoretical premise that people respond differently to situations because they feel reinforcement favours or punishes violence is not present in operant conditioning, further diluting its applicability in varied settings. Operant Conditioning The operant theory is a useful way of improving the issues which Jane faces in the class. She is unable to get feedback from her students. This means that she has not ability to suit her teaching to adapt to students needs. Teachers should be able to use the model so that they can enhance commitment and participation in the classroom. The theory is easy to apply to different circumstances, making it especially powerful as a tool for modifying student behaviour. It may have its disadvantages as well. It is too simplistic in some instances, making it more difficult to apply in issues which are not clear cut in nature. At the same time, the model may only have temporary effects on the subject. This makes it in many ways unsuitable for long term behaviour modification. However, this still means that the teacher will, under the present circumstances, still be able to modify the students behaviour to suit her desired criteria. It is therefore suitable for the task at hand ((Fryling, Johnst on Hayes, 2011). References Byiers, B., Dimian, A., McComas, J., Symons, F. (2014). Effects of Positive and Negative Reinforcement in a Concurrent Operants Arrangement on Compliance and Problem Behavior. Acta de Investigacin Psicolgica, 4(3), 1758-1772. Coon, D., Mitterer, J. (2010). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Ernst, M., Daniele, T., Frantz, K. (2011). New perspectives on adolescent motivated behavior: attention and conditioning. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(4), 377389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.07.013 Fryling, M. J., Johnston, C., Hayes, L. J. (2011). Understanding Observational Learning: An Interbehavioral Approach. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27(1), 191203. Guerra, L., Silva, M. (2010). Learning processes and the neural analysis of conditioning. Psychology and Neuroscience, 3(2), DOI: 10.3922/j.psns.2010.2.009 . Henton, W., Iversen, I. (2012). Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning: A Response Pattern Analysis. New York: Springer. Hewage, C. (2007). Behaviour therapy for medical practice. Galle Medical Journal, 12(1), 45-48. Lattal, K. M., Lattal, K. A. (2012). Facets of Pavlovian and operant extinction. Behavioural Processes, 90(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.03.009. Law, B., Siu, A., Shek, D. (2012). Recognition for Positive Behavior as a Critical Youth Development Construct: Conceptual Bases and Implications on Youth Service Development. The Scientific World Journal, 7 pages. Lineros, J., Hinojosa, M. (2012). Theories of Learning and Student Development . National Forum of Teacher Education Journal, 22(3), 1-5. Sullivan, A. (2014). Punish Them or Engage Them? Teachers Views of Unproductive Student Behaviours in the Classroom. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(6), 43-56.

Sympathy In Wrights Native Son Essay Example For Students

Sympathy In Wrights Native Son Essay Word Count: 894In Native Son, Richard Wright introduces Bigger Thomas, a liar and athief. Wright evokes sympathy for this man despite the fact that hecommits two murders. Through the reactions of others to his actions andthrough his own reactions to what he has done, the author createscompassion in the reader towards Bigger to help convey the desperatestate of Black Americans in the 1930s. The simplest method Wright uses to produce sympathy is the portrayal ofthe hatred and intolerance shown toward Thomas as a black criminal. This first occurs when Bigger is immediately suspected as being involvedin Mary Daltons disappearance. Mr. Britten suspects that Bigger isguilty and only ceases his attacks when Bigger casts enough suspicion onJan to convince Mr. Dalton. Britten explains, To me, a niggers anigger (Wright, Richard. Native Son. New York: Harper and Row, 1940. 154). Because of Biggers blackness, it is immediately assumed that heis responsible in some capacity. This assumption causes the reader tosympathize with Bigger. While only a kidnapping or possible murder arebeing investigated, once Bigger is fingered as the culprit, thenewspapers say the incident is possibly a sex crime (228). Elevenpages later, Wright depicts bold black headlines proclaiming a rapist(239) on the loose. Wright evokes compassion for Bigger, knowing thathe is this time unjustly accused.The reade r is greatly moved whenChicagos citizens direct all their racial hatred directly at Bigger. The shouts Kill him! Lynch him! That black sonofabitch! Kill thatblack ape! (253) immediately after his capture encourage a concern forBiggers well-being. Wright intends for the reader to extend this fearfor the safety of Bigger toward the entire black community. Thereaders sympathy is further encouraged when the reader remembers thatall this hatred has been spurred by an accident. We will write a custom essay on Sympathy In Wrights Native Son specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While Bigger Thomas does many evil things, the immorality of his rolein Mary Daltons death is questionable. His hasty decision to put thepillow over Marys face is the climax of a night in which nothing hasgone right for Bigger.We feel sympathy because Bigger has been forcedinto uncomfortable positions all night. With good intentions, Jan andMary place Bigger in situations that make him feel a cold, dumb, andinarticulate hate (68) for them. Wright hopes the reader will shareBiggers uneasiness. The reader struggles with Biggers task of gettingMary into her bed and is relieved when he has safely accomplished hismission. With the revelation of Marys death, Wright emphasizesBiggers future, turning Mary into the white woman (86) that Biggerwill be prosecuted for killing. Wright focuses full attention on thebewildered Bigger, forcing the reader to see the situation throughBiggers eyes. He uses Biggers bewilderment to represent theconfusion and desperation of Black America. The author stress es thatBigger Thomas is a mere victim of desperation, not a perpetrator ofmalicious violence. Desperation is the characteristic Wright uses throughout the novel todraw sympathy for Bigger. A killer with a calculated plan for evadingpunishment would be viewed more negatively than Bigger, a confused youngman desperately seeking a means of escape. His first poor decisionafter Marys death is to burn her in the Dalton furnace. The vile andoutrageous course of action taken by Bigger impresses upon the readerthe complete disarray of his thoughts. Readers observe the absence ofcareful thought as Bigger jumps out the Daltons window, urinating onhimself, and as he frantically rushes from building to building,searching for shelter. However, Wright also includes actions that seemirreproachable despite Biggers state of mind. His brutal murder ofBessie, the only character willing to help him, angers the reader. Itis at that point that Bigger seems most immoral, but Wright again showsBiggers helpl essness. Wright contrasts the insistent and demanding(219) desire that encourages Bigger to force intercourse with Bessiewith the desperation that causes him to kill her. Even in the mostimmoral of acts, Wright finds a way to accentuate the difference betweenactions borne of depravity and those borne of desperation.. Theultimate desperation and hopeless nature of Biggers future as the bookcloses and the death sentence is imposed leaves the reader with a senseof sympathy at Biggers plight. Biggers state at the end of the novel parallels the desperation of Black Americas present and the uncertaintyof its future. .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d , .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .postImageUrl , .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d , .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:hover , .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:visited , .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:active { border:0!important; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:active , .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7026155ee9644d7fbc96d3c9f21ec6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teaching and Education PhilosophyBlack Americans in the 1930s faced seemingly insurmountablechallenges. Latent racism and poverty made them desperate forsolutions. Wright proves this through the life of Bigger Thomas. Hehopes that White America will realize that a only a desperate actioncould be expected under these desperate conditions. Wright says ofBigger: Never again did he want to feel anything like hope (315). The author suggests that all Blacks felt this way when he writes of themany families who were being persecuted during the search for Bigger. This novel is a call to the nation urging recognition of the desperateplight of Black America. Wright poignantly tells the story of theimmoral Bigger Thomas but is able to draw sympathy for what many whiteAmericans see as the typical black miscreant by clearly defining hiscommon human emotions. Biggers desperation to protect his own life inspite of the obstacles around him makes him a brilliant representativefor Blacks in America. Wright wonders and asks the question heattributes to Bigger in the novel. Why did he and his folks have tolive like this? (100)

Martha E. Rogers, the creation of the SUHB

Martha E. Rogers, the creation of the SUHB Free Online Research Papers Martha E. Rogers, the creation of the SUHB Martha E. Rogers creation of the Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB) theory allowed nursing to be considered one of the scientific disciplines. Rogers provided a framework for nursing study and research that improved nursing education, practice and research in the United States. She was born in 1914, attended the University of Tennessee until 1933 and then entered the Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing. In 1936, she finished nursing school and earned a BSN degree from George Peabody College the following year. Rogers decided to work for several years as a public health nurse before pursuing a graduate degree. She actually earned two masters degrees, one in teaching and one in public health. However, Rogers did not stop at a masters level but instead continued her education by obtaining a doctor of science degree. In 1954, she became a professor of nursing at New York University (NYU) where she remained for 21 years (Nursing World). While at NYU, Rogers revised curriculums, theory based learning and established a five year BSN degree program. During her years at NYU, she also developed the conceptual framework for the SUHB, which presented a new way of viewing human interac tion and the nursing process (American Association for the History of nursing). Martha Rogers SUHB theory offers a new look at nursing, providing a framework for practice, education and research that moves away from the traditional medical model approach to the delivery of nursing care (Barrett, 2000). Rogers framework allows for an alternative to traditional nursing, which can be construed as reductionistic, mechanistic and analytic. This framework includes an open system world view, and thus, has challenged many traditional ideas about nursing. Five basic assumptions underlay Rogers conceptual framework: wholeness, openness, unidirectionality, pattern and organization, and sentience and thought (Barrett, 2000). First, the human being is considered a unified whole which is more than the sum of its parts. Second, the person and the environment are continuously exchanging matter and energy with each other. Third, the life process exists along an irreversible space time continuum. Fourth, pattern and organization are used to identify individuals and mirror their wholeness. Fifth, human beings are the only organisms able to think abstractly, have language, sensation and emotion. There are four main topics that are addressed by nursing theorists: people, the environment, health and nursing. Rogers conceptual framework can be analyzed using these four topics. The way that these subjects are viewed affects the nature of nursing that the SUHB theory describes (Barrett, 2000). A Person is defined by Rogers as a being and energy field in constant interaction with the environment. A person is an open system, more than the sum of its parts. The environment is an energy field including everything that is not the person. Next, health is viewed in terms of choosing actions that lead to the fulfillment of a persons potential, and lastly, nursing tries to direct the interaction of the person and the environment in order to maximize health potential. Martha Rogers theory has three principles of homeodynarnic. First, Integrality a human energy and environmental energy are integrated, one affects the other. Second, Helicy is all energy patterns are continuous and unpredictable providing increasing diversity. Lastly, Resonance is a continuous change in energy fields from lower to higher frequency patterning which is best represented by our wake-sleep cycles. Martha Rogers development of the Science of Unitary Human Beings has become an influential nursing theory in the United States. When first introduced it was considered radical, and difficult to understand, but now is simply thought to be ahead of its time. This conceptual framework has greatly influenced all facets of nursing by offering an alternative to traditional approaches of nursing. Research Papers on Martha E. Rogers, the creation of the SUHBResearch Process Part OneGenetic EngineeringThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital Punishment

Television Addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television Addiction - Essay Example TV viewing becomes more than a relaxing activity but a mere way of passing time. One’s ability to concentrate on an activity when TV is on remains low as even one cannot sustain the conversation. The response is equally the same when the conversation is either of substantial importance or not. Over the years, scholars have tried to ascertain whether watching of violent movies influences an individual to act out violently, but the focus has never been on the addictive aspect of a television. Primarily, television addiction is the spending of too much time in watching television or watching it more than initially intended. It can also be the constant thinking about how to reduce watching it or the making of unsuccessful continuous attempts to reduce the hours spent in front of it. Tentatively, those with this form of addiction tend to exhibit withdrawal symptoms once deprived off their frequent viewing (Large 98). On the contrary, watching too much television does not necessaril y imply an addiction to the same. Television is an informative tool mostly used to educate and pass relevant information across a wide audience. However, it becomes addictive when they feel that they need to minimize the time they spend watching it and instead engage on something useful. This is often an inward drive and not external. Primarily, watching of television is a leisure activity that does not derail one from their normal routine or activities. Arguably, others tend to speculate that time that the time devoted in front of a TV set portrays the love for TV and not the addiction. However, the reaction to emergencies tends to be slow in those who devote their time to television viewing rather than those who are doing other things (Large 98). This is high because people tend to switch off their responses and become passive as they indulge in television viewing. Similarly, the effects displayed in watching TV and those of a tranquilizer tend to relate. The two make the body be in an inert state that with the effects wearing slowly offs the body. According to Kubey and Mihaly, members of the middle class tend to feel the guilt more than the lower class, as they tend to feel that time they spent on TV should have been on something constructive. For the lower class addicts, the hours spent on watching TV tend to de rewarding rather than satisfying (Large 98). In essence, there emerge the heavy viewers and the light viewers. First, the heavy viewers are those who spend more than four hours of their day in front of a TV while the light viewers are those that watch it for only two hours a day. Essentially, the viewer content is what keeps the viewer glued to a TV screen for a great number of hours. The images displayed make the brain remain glued to TV screen for hours. For one to continue viewing in A conscious manner they need not give in to electric response of the brain that is switching off when television switches off. This would mean that their sense of relaxation ended when they switched off TV (Large 97). In addition, the two scientists found out that a greater number of adults viewed themselves as addicts rather than the teenagers. They also found out that the adult’s ability to concentrate on a different activity after the switching off was hard, as it affected their moods. In conclusion, television addiction is the mind perception of an individual. The verdict on whether one is addicted to TV or not, solely lies with an individual and not on any external influences. In my view, people’s addiction on TV amounts to the levels of judgments portrayed when glued to screen of a TV

Market Invironment Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market Invironment Project - Essay Example The R+D ensures that restaurant always offer top quality products and varied, popular flavors to its customers. The restaurant uses the innovative concept of â€Å"speed scratch cuisine†, for noticing the public on the means of obtaining faster services from their store. Preparation of products and services in Montaditos is in the presence of diners, who provide ranging natural ingredients where numerous products can be selected to create their favorite Montaditos. The restaurant works with high-speed partners and top-flight suppliers, to provide and guarantee their customers a wide range of products including drinks, salads, among other culinary items. Restaurant Services and professional employees are capable of leading the restaurant to success in South Miami market. The restaurant operates at varied times in different days of the week and makes to be reliable for all categories of customers. Form Monday to Wednesday and Sunday, the restaurant opens from eleven in the morning to eleven at night. On Thursday, the restaurant operates until midnight. (100Montaditos, 2011) On Fridays and Saturdays, the restaurant extends its services to one in the morning from eleven in the morning. Ideally, 100 Montaditos is a good place for children since it is a place of moderate noise and provides its services in entirely in casual attires. The ambience of the restaurant is also casual. The restaurant offers its services to anyone, but does not have waiters or Wi-Fi system; also, it does not offer reservations or deliveries. Moreover, the restaurant is suitable for group meetings and it is a good place for dinner and lunch. Additionally, the restaurant has a garage as well as a wheelchair for persons with such special needs. 100 Montaditos offers drinks includin g soft drinks, wine and beer. The restaurant’s management accepts payments in cash and credit card terms. Finally, it has TV as a form of

A Health Promotion Program Proposal Health And Social Care Essay

A Health Promotion Program Proposal Health And Social Care Essay There are many substance abuse and mental health organizations throughout the country but minimal effort has been expended in targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention programs toward people with mental illness and chemical dependency. The severely mentally disabled population are at a higher risk for HIV infection than the general population (Perehenets, Mamary, Rose, 2006). HIV prevention programs are at a commodity and rarely within this vulnerable population recognized as a sexually active population let alone at risk of HIV infection. In the health promotion program the proposed program will be a prevention case management approach to reducing the incidence of HIV in people with mental illness or dual diagnosis. The program will include a variety of professional health services, psychiatric care, and individually tailored education on HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and safer sex, as well as drug/alcohol treatment as needed. Health promotion being the obj ective of this program there will be active progress to reduce HIV infection among mentally ill and substance abusing population. The process will include working individually with each client to facilitate the identification and modifying risky behaviors, while also treating mental illness and substance abuse issues in an active effort to improve wellness (Aids Alert, 2008). In Cleveland, Ohio, there is a limited effort directed toward addressing the issue of HIV/AIDS among people with mental illness and chemical dependency. At the same time, there is a growing phenomenon of HIV transmission through sexual activity among the severely mentally disabled individuals. Mental illness does not increase risk in and of itself, a person with mental illness can, of course, engage in high risk behaviors for HIV infection. Studies of people with Severe Mental Disabilities show that between 4% and 19.4% are HIV positive. In all cases, the seroprevalence rates among people with mental illness are higher than that of the United States population in general (Courns et. al., 1991; Sucks et.al.,1992; Susser, Valencia, and Conover, 1993). It is critical for the severely mentally disabled clients to be provided with adequate education about HIV/AIDS and prevention strategies. The typical severely mentally disabled client suffers from a severe thought disorder exhibiting periods of active mental illness and remission. Active periods may include symptoms such as hallucinations or paranoia. Negative symptoms, which appear during remission, may include anxiety, depression, or impairment in thought (DSM IV). During periods of active illness, a client is less likely to engage in unsafe sex or other high-risk behaviors. During periods of remission, however, a client may resort to sex and/or drug using behaviors in an attempt to self-medicate (Aids Alert, 2007). Ironically, one of the periods of greatest risk is when a client receives effective case management, including medication and counseling. Researching agencies across the United States it was found that rarely did individuals with severe mental illness have any knowledge of the HIV infection or ways to prevent the spread(Aids Alert 2007). Thus it is critical that severely mentally disabled clients be provided adequate education about HIV/AIDS and preventive strategies. The health promotion project will specifically address three priorities: (1) Promoting Healthy Behaviors and Life Styles, (2) Increasing and improving healthcare, (3) Increasing knowledge. Literature Review A total of six articles reviewed for this project all where consistent in the recommendation to reduce HIV among the severely mentally disabled population. To reduce the transmission of HIV among clients in this population, risk prevention and education are essential (Aids Alert, 2008). A challenge among this population is the continuous need for intensive case management because studies showed following education and risk reduction activities are taught after 6 months at risk behaviors returned (Berkman, Pilowsky, Zybert, Herman, Conover, Lemmelli, Cournos, Koepner, Susser. 2007). In review of the literature one of the weakness is that the reality of sustain prevention behaviors where not demonstrated nor did the articles at hand speak about the need for intensive case management once a person with persistent mental illness present being HIV positive or living with AIDS. Clearly the project being proposed would offer continuous individualized, comprehensive, prevention case management approach, coupled with risk-reduction counseling as well as pre and post counseling for testing for HIV. Prevention Case Management ensures that clients have the necessary infrastructure established in their lives to allow them to focus on treatment and healthy living. The case manager links the client to essential services such as healthcare, housing, entitlements, and training. Assisting in daily living skills, such as budgeting and medication compliance, and acts as a liason between medical doctors and psychiatrists working with the client. Once the client has been linked to resources to meet his or her needs and receives psychiatric care to minimize or control symptoms, then the focus on reducing risky behaviors associated with increased risk of HIV infection. There are many substance abuse and mental health organizations throughout the country but minimal effort has been expended in targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention programs toward people with mental illness and chemical dependency. Conceptual Model The High Risk Prevention Program is based in behavioral science theory. The education and prevention group sessions and prevention case management both use a combination of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) and Harm Reduction theory as a framework to guide interventions. For example, the education portion of the group sessions teaches people what behaviors put them at risk for HIV or other sexually transmitted infection. The participants activiely show the knowledge they are gaining through the High risk, Low risk, No risk game, where a behavior is written on a card and given to each person. Participants are then asked to stand under the sign that shows the level of risk the behavior carries. This is based on the ARRM principle that in order to change behavior, one must first label it as risky. The prevention portion of the group teaches participants how to reduce likelihood of infection through safer sex practices. This is based on both the ARRM principle that a person must make a commitment to change (e.g., use condoms for every sexual encounter) as well as the Harm Reduction principle that people are going to do risky things, so they should be given ways to at least reduce the risk. The ARRM states that the last step to changing behavior is to take action to perform the desired changed (Lanier,M. Gates,S., 1999). The High Risk Prevention Program witnesses this principle in prevention case management clients, since they are seen and intervened upon over a long period of time (sometimes years), whereas group session clients are seen only once. It is essential to provide education about the risk of HIV transmission to practitioner, community members, and clients. All of these groups need to understand what HIV is, how it is transmitted, and how to change risky behaviors in order to prevent infection. Without this knowledge, the disease will continue to be misunderstood and it will continue to spread through people with mental illness and/or substance dependence. Group sessions will be provided at local community organizations that provide mental health and substance abuse treatment, thus reaching a larger community. Experience shows that many people with mental illness are reluctant to go to an unfamiliar place and/or are likely to isolate themselves at home. Staff will provide outreach to homeless drop in centers and group homes to assist in reaching marginalized populations. Providing prevention education materials and the tools necessary for clients to practice prevention and risk reduction techniques nurses and other supportive staff will offer clients a variety of safer-sex products, including condoms, female condoms, dental dams, lubricants, and pamphlets about specific sexually transmitted disease or HIV. Free anonymous or confidential OraSure testing will be provided to participants following each session. In addition to education and prevention seminars, it is important to assist clients through learning, understanding, and implementing a risk-reduction life style. Prevention case management is critical in ensuring that clients have the necessary infrastructure established in their lives to allow them to focus on treatment and healthy living. The case manager will link the client to essential services such as healthcare, housing, entitlements and/or job training. The case manager will assist with daily living skills, such as budgeting and medication compliance, and act as the constant between medical do ctors and psychiatrists working with client. Project Goals and Objectives The first goal will be to increase knowledge and awareness around HIV and other sexually transmitted disease and prevention models, such as safer sex practices to clinical staff. The objective will be to provide education session about HIV and other sexually transmitted disease to employees and interns to ensure internal agency staff members are informed with accurate knowledge about high-risk behaviors associated with HIV and STDs. A secondary objective for this goal will be for staff members comfort and capability to talk with clients about sexual behaviors and HIV/STD prevention. The second goal will be to decrease behaviors that put people with mental illness and substance abuse problems at risk for HIV infection through comprehensive case management while supporting clients physical, emotional, social and mental health. The first objective will be to provide prevention case management services to 45 unduplicated clients. The intervention will be providing case management services to 30 clients each month, with overlap from month to month ( the average number of case management encounters will be two per client, per month). The second objective for the goal number two is to provide prevention and education sessions to One hundred and Eighty clients. With mental illness and/or substance use to increase knowledge about high risk behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted disease, and safer sex. The intervention will be for multidisciplinary staff to provide prevention education sessions. Seminars will rotate through the community and will be held throughout the year, with an average of one seminar per month. Free, anonymous HIV testing will be provided through collaboration with an established testing provider. The outcome will be that clients achieve an increase in knowledge and awareness of issues around HIV, other sexually transmitted disease and safer sex, as evidenced in pre post test result analysis. Evaluation Component Evaluation of the projects success has two components. The first component is a pre/post test to assess clients knowledge of HIV, safer sex, and sexually transmitted disease. This evaluates the Education and Prevention component of the Project. Post-test scores that are higher than pre-test scores will show that the Education and Prevention session improved the participants knowledge of HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases and safer sex. The second evaluation component is a documented review of client goals. This evaluates the Prevention Case Management component of the project. After establishing rapport with the client, the Prevention Case Manager will collaborate with the client to formulate a personal goal about HIV or other sexually transmitted disease risk reduction or safer sex. Typically, the Prevention Case Manager checks in with the client about this goal at each session to evaluate one or more of the following: the clients knowledge about HIV and prevention, his or her attitudes about changing risky behaviors, and skills available to implement a change. There is a formal written review of the clients goals that takes place every ninety days and is kept in the clients record. Progress is determined by both the clients personal assessment of his or her achievements and the Prevention Case Managers clinical opinion. Optimal outcomes in Prevention Case Management evaluation will demonstrate increase in condom use, cessation of injection drug use, or decreased number of sexual partners. Barriers and Challenges The adoption of Evidence Based Interventions can be best implemented under real-world conditions. The agency implementing the change must also have the ability to offer capacity building activities for the adopters of the intervention. Just adding responsibility to staffs all ready full scheduled can be a barrier to the motivation and successful implementation of the interventions. The level of care also needs to be assessed when offering Prevention Case Management when in fact the client is aligned in needed intensive case management simply to manage basic needs and this intervention would not have any significant change in behavior. The severly mentally ill client will present with challenges of psychiatric stability and that does need prioritizing. Successful behavioral change is not a one-time event. Change occurs over time, and with small steps which accumulate to make large differences. Change must be maintained over time and interwined into the culture of the person and their support system. The clinicians must remain flexible and meet their clients where they are moving them to risk free behaviors in their time line, pulling on their strengths. Nurses must expand their efforts to design and implement interventions which support promotion of health and prevention of disease and disability. Preventing and staying healthy is complex, focus is not only on the client but their family, their support system and their beliefs. The nurses approach needs to be comprehensive looking at primary, secondary and teritarty levels of prevention and involve the client and community in the planning. The Aids Risk Reduction Model allows the nurse to understand and predict clients behavior including how they use and adhere to recommended therapy. Health promotion being the objective of this program there will be active progress to reduce HIV infection among mentally ill and substance abusing population. The process will include working individually with each client to facilitate the identification and modifying risky behaviors, while also treating mental illness and substance abuse issues in an active effort to improve wellness (Aids Alert, 2008). .

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during 527 to 565 BC and Romanus IV in 1068 to 1071 AD were two most important events in Byzantine. The former marked the stability and economic growth of the land and the former was known to start the end of the empire. Byzantine (Istanbul today), which was called as an extension of Roman Empire in eastern part, after it was captured and made it a province. Justinian known as ‘Justinian the Great’ according to Alexander A.Vasiliev â€Å"is the central figure of this entire period† (1954, 132) for invading Italy, pacifying Africa and controlling Persia from invading the land through his faithful and able generals named Belisarius and Mundo (Treadgold, 1997, 207). Romanus IV on the other hand had a strategy that did not work for him. Romanus IV gathered large army in troops enough to defeat the enemy, yet he lost the battle for he lost control of them due to disloyalty of his men.Justinian seldom joined the army, while Romanus was at the center of the battle. Justinian delivered direction and instruction to his trusted men, and Romanus IV if not misunderstood, was left alone by his warriors to seek refuge (Bradbury, 2004, 176). The challenges in the reign of Justinian were the uprising of the people and uncontrollable circumstances that weakened his control – the plagues and earthquakes that befell the land.Romanus IV’s challenges were much severe since he reigned at the time when Byzantine never had any recur but to drive away the Seljuk Turks to contain the territory at the midst of unfaithful generals and warriors. Justinian was just fortunate to have a wife and Belisarius who advised and obeyed his command. Romanus IV had a different case instead because he was caught unprepared despite a well-organized plan he made to win the battle.His greatest challenge was not the number of enemy but the sphere of his influence as a leader to execute commands. Romanus had no lawful men and he was unaware of that; besides, the empire was surrounded by men with greedy ambition. Bibliography Bradbury, J. 2004. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. USA: Routledge. Treadgold, W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. USA: Stanford University Press. Vasiliev, A. 1954. History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. USA: University of Wisconsin Press.

On Racist Speech

Adetayo Adedoyin Dickson Lam ENGL 1304 February 16, 2013 On racist Speech The voice of writers and authors are the key components to their inner thoughts. It is a way of actually portraying what a person is trying to say. However the case is that their words silenced and put in period of exile away from the eyes of the public. Author Charles Lawrence goes on to state that racist speech is wrong simply because of the drastic agony it puts on a victim’s perspective.In the article â€Å"On Racist Speech,† the author, Charles R Lawrence III, effectively establishes creditability, logics and emotional themes to supports his argument which infers that the use of harmful language should not be protected by the First Amendment Law in order to stop racism. Lawrence sheds light upon the very turbulent issue of the First Amendment right to the Freedom of speech in contrast to the inequality caused by its misuse through racially bias speech.The author states that the University off icials should endorse some sort policy that will protect the rights of those who are victimized by this â€Å"racial nuisance,† while at the same time not censoring our constitutional right of free speech, â€Å"I am troubled by the way the debates has been framed in response to the recent surge of racist incidents on college and university campuses and in response universities attempts to regulate harassing speech† (51). Continually, Lawrence defines the set of ideals that the First Amendment was based on, particularly; equality.He goes on to show the audience that this very balance is in danger if the speech in question is stated in a deliberately hurtful manner. Lawrence brings up factual evidence from the Brown vs. Board of education that supports his claim that prejudice can also be viewed as a form of racist speech. Lawrence argues just as Brown did, that segregation in schools causes disparity and unfair conditions to the victims of racist speech. Brown deemed t he idea of segregation as a symbolic message that affected the hearts and minds of young black students.Lawrence correspondingly deems free speech that allows â€Å"Hate Mongering Speech† as unfair and segregating â€Å"Brown held that segregated schools were inherently unequal because of the message of the message that segregation conveyed-that black children were an untouchable caste, unfit to go school with white children† (52). The author hence, proposes that the racist speech can hurt so much so that it can create an unfair educational environment for those who are victimized by it. The author used this notable example because he is trying to convey an important point to the lawyers, attorneys and the University regarding the on racist speech.Lawrence suggests that speech should be regulated in a way that does not limit it. First, the speech should not invade the general privacy of any student. This meant that speech would not be tolerated in personal spaces such as dorms, restrooms, or any living space â€Å"Minority students should not be required to remain in their rooms in order to avoid racial assaults† (52). Another regulation was the idea that speech that was intentionally hurtful or unruly would not be tolerated. However, any public demonstrations would have to give fair warning so that others may produce a counter-argumentation or avoid it entirely.The author takes a different approach to the problem. He suggests that on an individual basis lawyers could bend the rules to distort the will of their client so that the victim would be amended. This solution on an individual basis would help to cool the flames of racism without opening the floodgates. Lawrence also supports his claims by making visible repetition in the article. This shows how the author constantly makes the audience feel like they should be responsible and they should be able to do something about the racist speech issue in the society.The author Charles Lawrenc e is able to establish creditability in his article he relates his childhood experiences with human rights â€Å"I have spent the better part of my life as a dissenter† (51). This is to show that he has been an active member of the First Amendment right even as a child. Lawrence also appeals to the audience emotions by stating how hurt the victims are in the society â€Å"Above all I am troubled that we have not listened to the real victims ,that we have shown so little understanding of their injury and we have abandoned those whose race, gender, or sexual preference continues to make them second-class citizens†(52) .Persistently, the author defines the set ideals that the First Amendment was based on particularly equality it seems to him a very sad sarcasm that the first instinct of civil libertarians has been to challenge the exertions the university makes to provide minority students the protection the constitution guarantees them. Lawrence tries to make his argumen t justifiable by not defining a subjective issue in his argument he sticks to the main purpose of writing the article which is to talk about the â€Å"On racist speech† and he is able to give strategic examples like the First Amendment and the Brown versus Board of Education case.He thereby avoids subjective issues which makes him deviate from the actual facts regarding the on racist speech which is supposed to be conveyed to the audience. Lawrence creatively draws out many ideas that would help with the problem of racist speech by stating that we could regulate racist speech without violating the First Amendment law and he fears that if the government refuses to look into this there would be an upbringing of racial ferocity he also explains that racist speech should be diminished by the society as a unit because racism does not just affect the individual but the society at large .The author Charles Lawrence claims that it is unfair to place the burden of racism on anyone bec ause it forces them to live and work in an environment where at any moment they may be subjected to condescending verbal harassment and assault.

Age of Imperialism Japan China Essay examples - 1170 Words

The nineteenth century was a turbulent time of western imperialism and a major Asian power shift. European powers and the United States had a destabilizing effect on the region and the choices Japan and China made in response their imposing expansion was a major contributor to the trajectory of their respective futures. Social factors, such as the differences in national and religious unity, also played a role in the how the two nations emerged from the Age of Imperialism. European trade with China was historically restricted. In 1793, emperor Qianlong denied King George IIIs request for fewer trade restrictions by declaring, â€Å"Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance... There was therefore no need to import†¦show more content†¦Finally, deeply rooted tensions between Britain and China began to come to the surface as the Chinese attempted to crack down on opium use and trade within its borders. The appointment of Lin Tse-hsu as Imperial Commi ssioner at Canton was the catalyst that changed the trajectory of Chinese-British relations. Tse-hsu immediately began to shut down the opium trade at its source by exposing and punishing corrupt officials and seizing opium supplies without compensation. He wrote a letter to Queen Victoria requesting Britain forego further opium imports to China, citing Britains banning of its use and trade within its own borders (Hooker). The Queens refusal enraged Tse-hsu and he threatened to end trade with Britain altogether. Britain responded by using their superior military might to compel them to keep trade channels open and to remove the many trade restrictions currently in place, thus beginning the first opium war. It is important to note that the opium trade was merely the final straw amongst a heap of British-Chinese tensions. With a decisive victory in 1842, the Chinese were forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking, which significantly reduced their autonomy and awarded the British favo rable trading conditions. However, by 1856, the British felt China was not abiding by the terms of the treaty and launched another campaign, the second opium war, that ended in 1860, and reduced China to something moreShow MoreRelatedChina And Japan During The Age Of Imperialism2077 Words   |  9 Pages Pavin Kaler 211347747 April 16th, 2015 Professor Joe Kispal-Kovacs Modern Era Comparative Essay China and Japan in the Age of Imperialism 1 LENGTH: 2000-2500 words (7-8 pages) Explore secondary scholarly sources outside of your course textbooks. 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